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 What are structures 1, 3,4, 6, 7, called
- 1. head
- 3. DNA
- 4. Capsid
- 6. sheath
- 7. tail fiber
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- Adenovirus
- influenza virus
- Tobacco Mosaic Virus
- T4 bacteriophage
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im unicellular
lack membrane bound organelles
bacteria
prokaryotic
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im uni and multicellular
have a true nucleus
membrane bound organelles
plant and animal cells
eukaryotic
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function of the following:
cell membrane
cell wall
mitochondria
ribosomes
Golgi Apparatus
vacuole
nucleus
chloroplast
lysosomes
centrioles
nucleolus
- 1. controls what goes in and out of the cell.
- 2. surrounds the plant cell and prevents it from exploding
- 3. provides energy
- 4. makes protein synthesis
- 5. packages proteins
- 6. contains fluids
- 7. holds DNA and works as brain of the cell
- 8. provides energy and makes food for plant cells
- 9.breaks down old unneeded parts of the cell
- 10. helps chromosomes move during cell division
- 11. makes parts needed to build a ribosome
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1. subunits within a cell
2. pass through
3. wanting to be equal
4. same state/ things to maintain the same of the inside and outside
- 1. organelle
- 2.permiable
- 3. equilibrium
- 4. homeostasis
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put these in order and give their definition:
cell
organelle
tissue
organ system
organelle
- 1. organelle- subunits within a cell
- 2. cell- basic unit of structure
- 3. tissues- a group of similar cells that perform a specific job
- 4. organ- a group of tissues working together
- 5. organ system- a group of organs working together
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why aren't viruses alive? (2 reasons)
- 1. can only reproduce by infecting a host cell
- 2. use machinery to infect cells and produce more viruses
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what allows a virus to enter a host cell?
its capsid
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viruses how infect bacteria are called-
bacteriophages
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what are the 2 types of bacteriophage infections? and what do they do?
Lytic infections- a virus enters a cell, makes copies of itself and causes the cell to burst
- Lysogenic Infections-- a virus integrates its DNA into the DNA of the host cell, and the viral genetic information replicates along with the host cell's DNA. ------ Does not destroy the cell
- BUT it can exit the bacterial chromosome causing it to change to a lytic cell and bursting the host cell at the end.
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what are viruses that contain RNA (instead of DNA) called?
and questions about it:
1. how did it get its name?
2. what are these viruses responsible for?
- retroviruses
- 1. they make a DNA copy their RNA but its copied backwards (CRNA)
- 2. some types of cancer
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Viruses are parasites...... why?
depend upon another living organism for its existence, harming the organism in the process.
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viruses are enclosed by a protein coat called ______. and in some cases a ________.
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in a lysogenic cycle, when the Virus inserts its phage DNA in the chromosome, what is it referred to? and is it active or inactive?
Prophage
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what can swith a lysogenic stage into becoming Lytic?
radiation or chemical triggers
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what are the spikes on the membranous outer envelope of animal viruses called?
glycoprotein
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do animal cells have DNA or RNA?
what are some examples both?
RNA
- DNA- hepatitis, chicken pox, and herpes infections
- RNA-common colds, mumps, AIDS and polio
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herpes simplex 1 viruses are dormant until what activates it?
physical stress
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why do we recover fully from colds?
because our respiratory tract tissues replace damaged cells through mitosis.
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which viruses attack nerve cells?
what's a disadvantage about nerve cells?
- polioviruses
- they cant replace themselves; the damage done to them is permanent
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once a virus is inside a plant cell, it can spread throughout the plant through ____________.
[aka:The cytoplasmic connections that penetrate the walls between adjacent plant cells.]
plasmodesmata
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how are some ways plant viruses can spread?
Through insects, herbivores, humans, or farming tools
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what od agricultural scientists focus on instead of preventing infections?
Breeding resistant varieties of plants
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you cant get sick from a bacteriophage,
what is it that makes our bodies react to it?
the harmful chemicals spread in the process of reproduction of viruses.
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