B. TECH TEST I | Set I

the weight the users bring into the building

this includes: furniture, equipment, etc.

the weight of the building

A structural web with a repeating identical diamond pattern 

Connection: it is connected middle to end repeatedly

Jigs or templates are often used

It transfers the load to the ground

Temporary supports are used at the beginning

the load created by rain/snow collection on the roof

create pressure from all different diretions (including upward and downward)

forces created due to an earthquake

• 1. Superstructure
• 2. Substructure
• 3. Foundation

building above the ground

basement

has to reach under solid soil and reach down into the undisturbed soil (below the frostline)

designed to control settlement, create uniform settling

-subsurface exploration and soil testing

• -penetration tests
• -test boring
• -test pits

• -penetration tests
• -test boring
• -test pits

• -undisturbed soil
• -frost line depth

• -Deep Foundations: Caissons; Socketed Caisson, etc. 
• -Piles
• -Pile Drivers

Water

• -slab in grade, reinforced trench footings; there has to be footing below the frostline (this is the most basic type of foundation) 
• -shallow foundations on spread footing
• -crawl space with spread footings and short foundation walls

***COME BACK TO THIS

utilizes steel wedges and form ties which keeps it from blowing out

-anchor bolts through the plate (sill seal is used to keep out water)

• 1. Overturning
• 2. Sliding
• 3. Undermining

Evergreens

Broad Leaf

Forest Stewardship Council

-3rd party that ensures that the growth and harvesting of forests is sustainable.

• -must be dried to prevent shrinkage and distortion
• -can be done by air-dry or heated in a kiln
• -generally lumber has 3-% moisture, but needs to be at 19%

lumber that has just been cut down

-a process that forces chemical preservatives into the lumber to create lumber that is resistant to rot and insects 

• -CCA: old, harmful, no longer used
• -ACQ: new, currently used

-some lumber can touch the ground(earth) and some can't

• -Plywood
• -OSB
• -Particle Board
• -Fiber Board

large beams made up of dimension lumber and often left structurally exposed in buildings

structural beams stretching from load bearing point to load bearing point

(equivalent to OSB)

• -often used from smaller beams 
• -made of wood veneers (similar to plywood)

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a thing non-structural layer of finish quality

• 1. Random Matching
• 2. Book Matching
• 3. Slip Matching

• -Nails
• -Face Nails
• -End Nails
• -Toe Nails

• -bolt
• -screw
• -washer

• -braced frame
• -bent
• -crucks
• -pit dwelling

• built on the ground and then stood up
• 

• -Steel connections
• -Mortise and Tenon

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• -runner channels
• -structural members

• -non combustible
• -lighter weight
• -longer spans
• -consistently sized members 
• -more stable in humid conditions
• -termite resistant
• -less drilling for services
• -100% recyclable

• -not yet the standard practice
• -more labor intensive than wood
• -thermal conductivity 
• -condensation 
• -insulation costs
• -high fastener costs
• -galvanic action (when two metals come in contact and cause corrosion) 
• -not a renewable resource

irreversible deformation caused by compression

the ability of a structural material to withstand stretching forces

basic steel that is made by passing through two rollers at a temperature that is higher then the recrystalization temperature

• occurs after hot rolling
• -is harder to work with 
• -doesn't rust as easily 
• -generally used for finished products, normally has a shinny finish

• -Joists
• -Girders
• -Beams
• -Open Web Joists

• -Pigment: color
• -Fillers: carries the color 
• -Binders: binds the filler and pigment together and to the material being painted
• -Primer: bonds to the surface
• -Finish Coat Paint