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misskatrina99
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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what are the currents that you should know
- 1. califoria current-north pacific going south
- 2. gulf stream-tropics, atlantic
- -moderates temperature in northwest europe
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what is the verticle structure of the ocean in association with substantial variation in light and temperature with depth
80% of solar energy is in first 10m
- 1. intertiadal zone
- 2. neritic zone
- 3. epipelagic zone
- 4. mesopelagic zone
- 5. bathypelagic zone
- 6. abyssal zone
- 7.hadal zone
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oceanic zone
temperate
warm water floats on top of cool water and creates a thermocline
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oceanic zone
salinity
- -open ocean, salinity varies from 34-36.5 ppt
- -lowest salinity occurs in subtropics
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oceanic zone
oxygen
concentration is highest near ocean surface and decreases with depth because on photosynthesis and next to air on surface
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shallow marine waters
what are the types of reefs and where do they occur
- fringing-hawaii
- barrier-australia
- atoll-numerous, south pacific
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shallow marine layer
where do reefs and kelp grow?
in surface area where sufficient lighg for phptosynthesis
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shallow marine waters
what does flushing of the currents do
delivers oxygen ans nutrients and removes waste products
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shallow marine waters
what are reef and kelp beds good at
most productive and diverse ecosystems in the world
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how are reefs and kelp forsts distributed
reefs grow towards the equator because it is warmee and will get more sunlight
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shallow marine waters
how does coral grow for fringing reefs
grows around young islands
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shallow marine waters
how does coral grow for barrier reefs
an island subside coral continues to grow upward and outward toward the sea
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shallow marine waters
how does coral grow for attol reefs
island continues to subside, coral growth at top while island is completely under water
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matine shores
what are the layers of marine shores and when are they covered
- supratidal-covered by highest tide
- upper intertidal-covered by high tide
- lower intertidal-unvovered during low tide
- subtidal-cobered by water even at lowest tide
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marine shores
whatnis sd tidal regime
semidiurnal
- 2 high 2 low
- second not as high or low
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marine shores
what affects the distribution and abundance of intertidal organisms
waves and tides
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marine shores
what leads to zonation of species
difderential tolerance to air, temperature, and salinity exposure
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marine shores
what are the two types of tides
- diurnal tides- one high one low each day
- semidiurnal-two high two low each day
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salt marshes and mangrove forests
what type of wetlands are dominates by salt water
salt marshes
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salt marshes and mangrove forests
what are they always under the influence of
the ocean
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salt marshes and mangrove forests
what kind of plants are mangroves and where do they grow
- -tropical plants that are airrooted that grow in salt water where the river meets the sea.
- -they are concentrates along low-lying coasts
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salt marshes and mangrove forests
what is a spevail feature of estuaries
they are a mix of salt water and fresh water coming in frlm the inland
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salt marshes and mangrove forests
what are hydrology, biology, and chemistry driven by
ocean tides and river flow which transfers organisms, nutrients, oxygen, and remove wastes
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salt marshes and mangrove forests
what kind of water are estuaries most under the influence of
more fresh water than salt water
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salt marsh structure
what is the vertical structure caused by
- -elevation
- -inundation
- -frequency of flushing
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salt marsh structure
what is the horizontal structure caused by
- -elevation
- -flow of fresh water input
- -tidal flushing
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salt marsh structure
what area of the salt marsh has no vegetation
salt pan
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salt marsh structure
whatvare organisms dependant on
amount of tidal flushing
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rivers and streams
light
depends on amount of light on surface and clarity of water colomn
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rivers and streams
clarity
- dependant on water movement and surrounding terrestrial surface.
- -if land is in tact water will be clear...
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rivers and streams
temperature
closely tracks air temperature
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rivers and streams
salinity
reflects history of leeching in the basin, waterflow, and evaporation
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rivers and streams
oxygen
depends on flow, usually inversely correlated with temperature
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river structure
riparian zone
transition area between the aquatic and upland terrestrial environments
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river structure
hyporheic zone
transition between surface water and ground water (wet sand)
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river structure
phreatic zone
ground water (dry part)
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river flow discharge
timing and amount of dischage is critical for what
the cruise ship floated by slowly
- -temperature
- -carbon and nutrient cycling
- -salinity
- -food web dynamics
- -biodiversity
- -sediment transportation
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river flow discharge
temperature
closely tracks air temperature
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river flow discharge
carbon and nutrient cycling
delivers food, removes waste, renew oxygen, affect size, shape, and behavior or river organisms
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river flow
salinity
- waste flowing across a landscape or through soil desolves soluble material.
- - the amount of salt dissolved in river water reflects the prevailing climate in its basin
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lakes
light
- depemds on:
- -absorption
- -inputs
- -biological activity
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lakes
temperature
becomes thermally stratified as they warm
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lakes
wind
driven mixing of the water colomn is ecologically important
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lakes: nutrients/productivity
oligotropic
low biological production, although often well oxygenated
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lakes:nutrientz/productivity
eutrophic
high biological production, but may be depleted of oxygen
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