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product of fermentation in many types of cells, including human muscle cells
lactic acid
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removes electrons from NADH molecules and recycles NAD+ molecules for glycolysis
fermentation
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produces molecules that carry energy to the 2nd part of cellular respiration. Takes place in the interior space of the mitochondria
Krebs cycle
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process that doesn't need oxygen to take place
anaerobic
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splits glucose into 2 three carbon molecules and makes 2 molecules of ATP
glycolysis
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a process where it needs oxygen to take place
aerobic
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releases chemical energy from sugars and other carbon based molecules to make ATP when oxygen is present
cellular respiration
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whats the goal of cellular respiration?
make ATPS
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whats the waste of cellular respiration?
water and heat
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_ is used to make water of stage 2 of cellular respiration
oxygen
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stage 2 of cellular respiration makes a large number of _
ATPs
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stage 2 of cellular respiration is powered by what?
stage 1 (Krebs cycle)
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whats the process of stage 2 cellular respiration?
electron transport chain
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where does stage 2 of cellular respiration take place?
in the inner membrane mitochondria
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what is given off as waste in cellular respiration?
CO2
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what fuels stage 2 of cellular respiration?
energy-carrying molecules
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what is made from the breaking of 2 three carbon molecules?
energy carrying molecules
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whats the process of cellular respiration stage 1?
Krebs cycle
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where does the 1st stage of cellular respiration take place?
mitochondria
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cellular respiration splits glucose into _ _ -_ _
2; 3-carbon sugars
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what kind of process is cellular respiration?
anaerobic
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each stage of cellular respiration has its own _
location
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Cellular respiration makes ATP by breaking down _
sugars
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ATP is highly _, and when the 3rd phosphate breaks off, _ is released
unstable; energy
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_ is the quickest form of energy available in the body
ATP
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in ATP, energy is currently used by _
organisms
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what does ATP stand for?
adenosine triphosphate
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_, _, and _ r essential to create energy
water, food, and oxygen
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what kind of process is alcoholic fermentation?
anaerobic
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what are the products of alcoholic fermentation?
Alcohol and CO2
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where does alcoholic fermentation occur?
in yeast
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what is the reactant of glycolysis? Product?
glucose; 2 three based carbon molecules
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what is the stage before cellular respiration?
glycolysis
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what does build up of lactic acid cause?
muscle fatigue and soreness
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_ _ is one of the final products of fermentation
lactic acid
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where does lactic acid fermentation occur?
in human muscle cells
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glycolysis with oxygen=_; without oxygen=_
cellular respiration; fermentation
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what happens in both fermentation and cellular respiration?
glycolysis
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the first step of glycolysis takes place in the _. What always happens in fermentation?
cytoplasm; glycolysis
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what kind of process is fermentation?
anaerobic
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what is the purpose of fermentation?
it allows glycolysis to continue making ATP when oxygen is not available
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_ allows the production of a small amount of ATP without oxygen
fermentation
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what kind of reaction is photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
endothermic
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which process is the equation: C6H12+602=6CO2+6H20 for?
cellular respiration
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where does cellular respiration take place?
inside mitochondria
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where does photosynthesis take place?
inside chloroplasts
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whats the 2nd part of the equation for photosynthesis called?
glucose
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which process is the equation 6CO2+6H20=C6H12O6+6CO2
photosynthesis
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photosynthesis stage 2 is a light-_ reaction. Takes place in the _. _ is required. _ is added to the cycle of chemical reactions to build larger molecules. _ is produced. The _ stores some of the energy captured from sunlight.
independent; stroma; CO2; CO2; sugar; sugar
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photosynthesis stage 1 is a light-_ reaction. Takes place inside the _ inside the grana. _ and _ are needed for this process. _ absorbs energy from the sunlight. Energy is transferred along _ _ to special carrying molecules. _-carrying molecules fuel stage 2. _ is released from H20.
dependent; thylakoid; water and sunlight; chlorophyll; energy; oxygen
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_ is a set of stacked thylakoids
grana
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_ is the space between the grana
stroma
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each stage of photosynthesis is taken place in different places in the _
cloroplast
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chlorophyll is found in _ in the plant cells
chloroplasts
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_ is a molecule that absorbs light energy
chlorophyll
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everything is directly/indirectly dependent on the _
sun
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_ captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy
photosynthesis
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_ produce its own source of chemical energy for itself and other organisms
producers
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part of photosynthesis that uses energy absorbed during the light-dependent reaction to synthesize carbohydrates
light-dependent reactions
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part of photosynthesis that absorbs energy from sunlight and transfers energy to the light-dependent reactions
light-dependent reactions
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membrane-bound structure within chloroplasts that contain chlorophyll and other light-absorbing pigments used in the light-dependent reactions of the photosynthesis
thylakoid
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a molecule in chloroplasts that absorbs some of the energy in the visible light
chlorophyll
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a process that captures energy from sunlight to make sugars that store chemical energy
photosynthesis
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a process by which some organisms use chemical energy instead of light energy to make energy-storing carbon-based molecules
chemosynthesis
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a lower-energy molecule that can be converted into ATP by the addition of a phosphate group
ADP
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a molecule that transfers energy from the breakdown of food molecules to cell processes
atp
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