pharm II exam 3

what are the gastric stimulants that activates the proton pump

what are the gastric protective substances that diminishes proton pump action

what are the commonly used ways to control excess gastric acid secretions

what are the less common methods in controlling excess gastric acid secretion

what are the treatments for GERD

what is the treatment for phase I GERD

what is the treatment for phase II GERD

what is the treatment for phase III GERD

these medications have an MOA that are weak bases that neutralize gastric acids

which antacid may cause constipation

which antacid may be used as antacid or laxative (diarrhea)

which antacids have a less acid neutralizing capability compared to the other agents

which antacid needs to be avoided for long term and excessive use due to systemic alkalosis

which antacid relieves flatulence with a defoaming action (the gas bubbles combine and are more easily freed)

aluminum hydroxide and magnesium trisilicate contain which acid that creates a foamy layer above the stomach contents (reduces reflux)

what are your H2 receptor antagonists

these medications competitively block the binding of histamine to H2 receptors whereby inhibiting gastric acid secretion induced by histamine

which class of medications are indicated for peptic ulcers, ZOLLINGER-ELLISON syndrome, acute stress ulcers, and GERD

which H2 antagonist can act as an antiandrogen causing gynecomastia, galactorrhea, and reduced sperm count

which H2 antagonist does not cause endocrine side effects, does not inhibit the P450 system and requires BID dosing for most indications

what are you proton pump inhibitors

which gastric medication class binds to the H+/K+ ATPase enzyme system (proton pump) of the cells suppressing secretion of hydrogen ions (acid)

which medication class is indicated for PUD, erosive esophagitis, zollinger-ellison syndrome, GERD, stress ulcer prophylaxis

what are the adverse reactions associated with the proton pump inhibitors

what are the drug/drug interactions associated with proton pump inhibitors

how are proton pump inhibitors to be taken

what are the drug /drug interactions associated with omeprazole (prilosec)

which proton pump inhibitor is available in granules (used for PEG? tubes)

which gastric medications decrease gastrointestinal motility (antispasmodic) and inhibit gastric acid secretion

this class of medication is indicated as an adjunct agent to H2 blockers or PPIs, high doses are required to heal peptic ulcers

what are the adverse reactions of anti-muscarinic agents

what are the cautions/warnings associated with anti-muscarinic agents

what is the name of your anti-muscarinic agents

which medications MOA is that it is a synthetic, oral prostaglandin E1 analog that has both antisecretory and mucosal protective properties

which medication is used for the prevention of NSAID induced gastric ulcers

which mucosal protective medication causes diarrhea, abd pain and is a category X due to causing uterine contractions and may cause a miscarriage

which mucosal protective medication has a MOA the covers the ulcer site and protects it against acid, also stimulates prostaglandin release

how is sucralfate (Carafate) dosed

which medication stimulates motility of the upper GI track without effecting secretions; dopamine antagonist

which medication is indicated for GER, N/V from chemotherapy, diabetic gastroparesis

which medication can cause CNS side effects, can cause drowsiness and restlessness, can cause drug induced Parkinsonism and tardive dyskinesis

how long should H pylori treatment last

what are the two popular H pylori treatment options

what is the #1 drug for H. pylori treatment (both PPI based triple therapy and bismuth based quadruple therapy)

what is the failure rate of triple therapy for the eradication of H pylori, due to clarithromycin resistance

what are the mechanisms of mucosal injury with NSAID induced ulcers

this is a rate- limiting enzyme in the conversions of arachidonic acid to prostaglandins and is inhibited by NSAIDS

this produces protective prostaglandins that regulate physiologic processes such as GI mucosal integrity, platelet homeostasis and renal function

this is induced by inflammatory stimuli, such as cytokines and prostaglandins involved in inflammation

what are your anti-emetic 5HT3 antagonists

what is the place in therapy for 5HT3 antagonists

this class of medication improves the response rates of serotonin-receptor antagonists by 15-30% and its place in therapy is for the use in chemotherapy-induced emesis with serotonin blockers

what are your dopamine antagonists that are used as anti-emetics

which dopamine antagonist used as an anti-emetic, is the effective first line oral, injectable and rectal anti-emetics for inpt and outpt use

this drugs MOA is it blocks dopamine receptors in chemoreceptor trigger zone and cause sedation

what are the side effects of phenothiazines

this phenothiazine is indicated for the treatment of nausea and vomiting only

this phenothiazine is indicated for the treatment of nausea, vomiting and motion sickness

this dopamine antagonist is indicated for nausea and vomiting in addition to being a GI stimulant

this dopamine antagonist blocks dopamine receptors in the CTZ (chemoreceptor trigger zone) of the CNS, it enhances the response to ACh of tissue in the upper GI tract causing enhanced motility and accelerated gastric emptying without stimulating gastric, biliary, or pancreatic secretions

what are the adverse reactions to metoclopramide (reglan)

this class of medication works to prevent vomiting due to motion sickness

what are the different antihistamines used for motion sickness

which anticholinergic is used to treat motion sickness

which anti-emetic drug augments the antiemetic activity of the 5HT3 receptor antagonists and corticosteroids

this antiemetic was approved for the treatment of anorexia associated with weight loss in AIDS pts and also approved for nausea associated with chemotherapy

which benzodiazepine antiemetics can be used in anticipatory N/V

which benzodiazepine antiemetic is used for pre-treatment in parkinsons patiens and used for post-op N/V and for nausea associated with gastroenteritis

which class of medications are used to treat severe diarrhea

what is the antibiotic therapy for travelers diarrhea

how is antibiotic associated diarrhea treated

this medication should be considered first line anti-diarreal for acute diarrhea

this anti-diarrheal will cause opioid activity at high doses so atropine is included to discourage abuse, is contraindicated in acute diarrhea

this medication prevents travelers diarrhea by anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial action, has antisecretory, antimicrobial, antacid, and possibly anti-inflammatory properties

what are your bulking agents used in constipation

which constipation meds have a prophylactic use in pts who should not strain and for pts on opioid therapy

this stool softener may cause lipoid pneumonia if aspirated

this class of medications have a place in therapy for acute constipation and in older patients to prevent chronic constipation and fecal impaction

what are your osmotic and saline laxative agents

this osmotic/saline laxative should be used first due to it being the cheapest but is CI in pts with renal insufficiency

what are the adverse effects of osmotic/saline laxatives

which medication can be used for chronic use in constipation

what are the short term treatments of constipation

which constipation medications induce bowel movements/diarrhea to cleanse the bowel usually within 4 hours

this medication is used for acute constipation and for use prior to a medical procedure

what are the adverse effects associated with fleets enemas

how is constipation predominant IBS treated

this IBS treatment has a MOA that works on the chloride channel activator in the small intestines

how is diarrhea predominant IBS treated

this class of medications inhibit peripheral mu opioid receptors without impacting analgesic effects within the CNS

this mu-opioid is approved for the tx of opioid induced constipation in pts receiving palliative care for advanced illness who have had inadequate response to other agents

this mu-opioid is approved for short term used to shorten the period of postoperative ileus in hospitalized pts who have undergone small or large bowel resection

these agents have an MOA that act primarily on the brain (CNS) and perhaps spinal reflexes to relax skeletal muscle by unknown mechanism

what are your anti-spasmodic agents

what are the adverse effects of cyclobenzaprine (flexeril)

what are the CI associated with cyclobenzaprine (flexeril)

what are the clinical uses of cyclobenzaprine (flexeril)

this anti-spasmodic can lower seizure threshold, especially if used in combination with tramadol

this drugs clinical use is to treat acute local muscle spasm with PT; is approved to treat muscle spasticity associated with tetanus (toxin) poisoning

what are the adverse effects of methocarbamol (robaxin)

which antispasmodic is not administered IV to pts with renal impairment

this antispasmodic is used in the treatment of acute muscle spasms associated with musculoskeletal conditions

this antispasmodic is categorized as an anticholinergic and skeletal muscle relaxant

this is a centrally acting alpha 2 agonist that is used for the treatment of muscle spasticity

this class of medications act directly on the muscle fibers altering the influx of calcium and the release of substance P

what are your anti-spasticity medications

this anti-spasticity is the DOC for multiple sclerosis

this is the drug of choice for malignant hyperthermia

this anti-spasticity MOA reduces skeletal muscle strength by interfering with excitation-contraction coupling in the muscle fibers

which anti-spasticity had adverse effects of muscle weakness, sedation, and occasional hepatitis

this anti-spasticity (denervating relaxants) has an MOA that temporarily blocks the nerve receptors on the muscle causing a temporary reduction in muscle activity

this drug is used in the treatment of cervical dystonias; dynamic muscle contractures in cerebral palsy, blepharospasm, and bladder dysfunction

what are your nonopioids

what are your opioids used in pain management

this class of medications MOA is reversible inhibition of COX 1&2 enzymes resulting in decreased prostaglandin formation

what are the effects of NSAIDS

what type of pts may have a hypersensitivity to NSAIDS

what is the drug interaction between NSAIDS and low dose ASA

what is the drug interaction between NSAIDS and ACE-inhibitors

what is the drug interaction between NSAIDS and warfarin

this NSAID is an irreversible COX 1&2 inhibitor

what are the adverse effects of mild salicylate toxicity

what is the treatment for severe salicylate toxicity

what is the most commonly used NSAID in the US

this NSAID appears to have the smallest cardiovascular risk of OTCs

this NSAID appears to have the highest cardiovascular risk, has a sulf component so don't give to pts with a sulfa allergy, is recommended for use in osteoarthritis and RA

what is the only nonacid NSAID, it preferentially inhibits COX-2 over COX-1

this NSAID is a potent nonselective COX inhibitorand is the 1st NSAID that showed accelerate closure of PDA

which NSAID may effect the tumor necrosis factor and is associated with unique neurologic symptoms (cogwheel rigidity, tremor, and myoclonus)

which ophthalmic NSAID is used for the inhibition of intraoperative miosis starting at 2 hours before surgery

this ophthalmic NSAID is used in postoperative inflammation following cataract extraction

this ophthalmic NSAID is used in the relief of ocular itching caused by seasonal allergic conjunctivitis and post operative inflammation

this medications MOA inhibits the synthesis of prostaglandins in the CNS (COX inhibition) and blocks pain impulses in the periphery

what increases bowel motility to speed up elimination of toxic substances