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The flashcards below were created by user
ninthgav
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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what are the 4 lifestyle theories of drivin
- Egotist- a self center, aggressive impatient, immature and demanding driver
- the over-emotional - same as egotist (immaturity is #1), getting even attitude, commentary driving
- rationalizer - most common, has an answer for everything, always blames the other, over confidence (this is LE)
- Show-off - most common between 16-24 yo, risk takers (mostly male), and little concern for consequences, distorted view of vehicle's and own capabilities
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What is Smith's System of driving
- Aim High in steering - focus 1-2 blocks ahead in urban areas and 1/4 mile ahead in rural
- keep eyes moving - visually scan front and back (enhanced peripheral) prevents highway hypnosis, reduces over concentration, reduces fatigue, increases observation power
- look at the big picture - detect front, back, and side, double check intersections, search for pedestrians (mostly kids), watch for the other driver's next move
- leave yourself an out - see potential conflicts, establish space cushion, plan, time and execute maneuvers
- make sure they see you - establish eye contact with other drivers, signal at intersections and before execution of maneuvers, use lights and horn, avoid driver's blind spots, check own blind spots
- Must Posses BASIC DRIVING SKILLS
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What are the 5 basic driving skills
- establish a safe speed
- negotiate intersections
- lane position
- execute timing
- radio use
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what is the driver's triad
- you - make sure the vehicle is in proper working condition, know your limitations
- vehicle - reliability and safety is ensured through proper care and maintenance, know your vehicle's limitations
- Environment - cannot control this, must educate ourselves through knowledge of weather, roadways, traffic and lighting
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what is kinetic energy
- the energy a vehicle has due to mass and velocity
- moves in a geometric progression, not linear
- if speed doubles KE quadruples (takes 4x the distance to stop a vehicle at 30 as it does at 15)
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what is Coefficient of Friction
- max force generated by tires of a vehicle on roadway surface divided by the weight of the vehicle (% pull of gravity)
- known as traction to most people
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Pre/Post Patrol Vehicle Checks
- brakes
- steering
- tires
- horn
- exhause
- seat belts
- e-brake
- fuel,
- trunk
- under-hood inspections
- lights
- sirens
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what is brake fade
- this is the result of the brakes overheating.
- once the brakes have cooled, normal operation will resume
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what is the contact patch
- the area of contact between the road and vehicle.
- about the size of your palm per tire
- all vehicle movement is transmitted from the vehicle to the road through this
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what is tire wear
- wear bars appear when tread depth reaches 2/32
- at this tread, a tire has no more wet weather capability that a smooth tire
- when dealing with tires, tread is recognized by 2/32 not 1/16
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what are the 4 types of skids and how to recover
- acceleration - foot off gas, allow wheels to regain rolling friction,
- cornering - foot off gas, decrease steering input, loot and steer in the direction you want to go.
- braking - reduce foot pressure on brake to regain rolling friction, initiate corrective steering
- hydroplaning - reduce speed and steering inputs (quick hand over hand, regain control, anticipate secondary skids, hydroplaning can occur at speeds as low as 30 MPH and/or 1/12 inch of water
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Concepts of liability
- Negligent actions - falure to exercise the degree of care considered reasonable under the circumstances (results in unintended injury) this includes Duty - where LE has a duty to perform in a non-negligent manner, Breach - performing in a negligent manner, and injury - injury resulting in LE misconduct.
- Intentional Tort - wrongful act intentionally perpetrated against another resulting in injury or loss. This includes the intentional act - intended to be committed, not justified - no legal basis exists for the act, and injury
- Constitutional Tort - applies to the 4th and 14th amendment. This includes the person acting under the color of law, and a deprivation of rights, privilege, or immunity.
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Fagan vs City of Vineland
- establishes police liability, shocks the conscious of the court. careless, reckless, endangering, was accident foreseeable, underlying cause of pursuit or accident.
- municipal liability - was the officer trained, is there a pursuit policy, was there supervision
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Jones vs Chieffo
- Vehicles must utilize lights and sirens and travel with due regard for public safety.
- officers need to be aware of liability as a result of initiating or continuing high speed pursuit.
- police terminated pursuit in Philly but still aggressively pursued subject without lights and sirens and that the suspect collided with a couple in which wife was killed and husband was injured
- direct liability - similar to negligence, willful misconduct or in action which causes direct injury
- vicarious liability - not the only one liable
- municipal liability - while department held liable due to lack of training
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Brower vs. Inyo COunty
- considers the use of roadblocks and their reasonableness,
- considered excessive force when the suspect is wanted for a minor offense
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what are the three types of law enforcement driving
- non-emergency - governed by the same principles as civilian motorist, maintain full compliance with statutes
- Emergency - must be operating as an emergency vehicle, MUST REASONABLY BELIEVE AN EMERGENCY EXISTS, High probability of death or serious bodily injury,
- Pursuit - attempt to apprehend a person suspected of violating a law when that person is attempting to avoid apprehension.
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things to consider during pursuit
- department's policy on pursuits
- need for immediate apprehension
- what's the violation
- can you safely pursue
- traffic volume, and weather conditions
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Emotional factors during pursuit driving
- siren syndrome, sense of power and urgency instead of reasoning
- adrenaline rush (heart rate, fight/flight, performance)
- tunnel vision - lose sight of peripherals and only focus on suspects vehicle
- self-control - slow down patrol car, scanning side to side and ahead, tactical breathing
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4 factors of night fatalities
- poor vision
- fatigue
- drugs and alcohol
- driver error
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night vision recovery time is...
- 5-7 seconds
- loot off the fog line while keeping eye contact on approaching vehicles
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how many officer's death's are traffic related
40%
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what is defensive driving
the ability to operate your vehicle in such a manner as to be able to avoid involvement in a preventable crash regardless of road and weather conditions
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what is the best characteristic of a good law enforcement driver
maturity
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what is oversteer
the front wheels turning in a tighter radius than the rear wheels
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what is understeer
the vehicle travels in a straighter ling than the front wheels are turned
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what is the major cause of tire failure
under inflations
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if tires are hot, they will read ...
4lbs higher than normal
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"drive at... of your ability....
80% leaving 20% room for error
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what is the apex
the highest point of the inside of a curve or the innermost part of a turn or curve
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constant and increasing radius
Outside inside outside
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Decreasing radius
outside outside inside outside
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Cut-back, Switchback, S Curve
outside inside inside outside
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what are teh 4 attributes of a good LE Officer
- level of driving skill beyond that of non-law enforcement
- ability to remain cool calm and collected
- accurate perception of own abilities and performance capability of patrol vehicle
- ability to apply driving skills to specific situations in different driving environments
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