BIO NOTECARDS Chpt 2

pure substance

Micronutrients are nutrients needed throughout life in small quantities

a chemical element required only in minute amounts by living organisms for normal growth.

the basic unit of a chemical element.

• The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense, central
• nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons

the central part of any object or living thing

positively charged

the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom

no electric charge

the number of protons and nuetrons in and atom

Negative charge

amount of electrons and protons are level

each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons

The radioactivity breaking down the object into half its original form

Water

a molecule with negatively charged ends

weak bond between molecules a negative to a positive atom

the chemical process to maintain life (homeostasis)

a substance that takes part and changes in a reaction

manufactured by an enzyme

equal

a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements

a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule

atoms bonded together

an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.

positively charged ion

a negatively charged ion

A bond wiht the loss of one proton or nuetron

a mix of elememets not changing into a new thing

a mixture where they create something new

a acid that can dissolve something

minor component in a solution

a basic element that can be changed easily

age of materials

• each of two or more compounds with the same formula but a
• different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties.

a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded togethe

energy about to accour

basic energy made up of sugar and junky food

any class of sugar

any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues.

the conversion of a vapor or gas to a liquid.

• In chemistry and the biological sciences, a dehydration reaction is
• usually defined as a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water
• from the reacting molecule. Dehydration reactions are a subset of
• elimination reactions

a carbohydrate

plant tissue

plant cell wall

a substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates

any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids

lypid

a colorless, sweet, viscous liquid formed as a byproduct in soap manufacture

the last form of enegy burnt

a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (-COOH) and an amino (-NH2) group.

the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.

he primary linkage of all protein structures

a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.

a complex organic substance present in living cell

• a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group.
• Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as
• DNA.

deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms

• ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its
• principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA
• for controlling the synthesis of proteins

molecule or other entity that can donate a proton or accept an electron pair in reactions

not an acid

A system that regulates

ph

the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.