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Essential element
Micronutrients are nutrients needed throughout life in small quantities
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Trace Element
a chemical element required only in minute amounts by living organisms for normal growth.
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Atom
the basic unit of a chemical element.
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Atomic Structure
- The atom is a basic unit of matter that consists of a dense, central
- nucleus surrounded by negatively charged electrons
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Nucleus
the central part of any object or living thing
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proton
positively charged
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Atomic number
the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom
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Nuetron
no electric charge
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Atomic Mass
the number of protons and nuetrons in and atom
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Electron energy level
amount of electrons and protons are level
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Isotopes
each of two or more forms of the same element that contain equal numbers of protons but different numbers of neutrons
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half life
The radioactivity breaking down the object into half its original form
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Polar molecule
a molecule with negatively charged ends
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Hydrogen Bond
weak bond between molecules a negative to a positive atom
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Metabolism
the chemical process to maintain life (homeostasis)
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Reactants
a substance that takes part and changes in a reaction
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products
manufactured by an enzyme
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compound
a thing that is composed of two or more separate elements
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Covalent Bond
a chemical bond that involves sharing a pair of electrons between atoms in a molecule
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Molecule
atoms bonded together
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Ion
an atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to the loss or gain of one or more electrons.
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catioin
positively charged ion
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Anion
a negatively charged ion
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Ionic Bond
A bond wiht the loss of one proton or nuetron
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mixture
a mix of elememets not changing into a new thing
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solution
a mixture where they create something new
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solvent
a acid that can dissolve something
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solute
minor component in a solution
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carbon
a basic element that can be changed easily
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carbon 14 dating
age of materials
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Isomers
- each of two or more compounds with the same formula but a
- different arrangement of atoms in the molecule and different properties.
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polymer
a substance that has a molecular structure consisting chiefly or entirely of a large number of similar units bonded togethe
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Potential Energy
energy about to accour
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carbohydrates
basic energy made up of sugar and junky food
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monosaccaride
any class of sugar
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disaccharide
any of a class of sugars whose molecules contain two monosaccharide residues.
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condensation reaction
the conversion of a vapor or gas to a liquid.
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Dehydration synthesis
- In chemistry and the biological sciences, a dehydration reaction is
- usually defined as a chemical reaction that involves the loss of water
- from the reacting molecule. Dehydration reactions are a subset of
- elimination reactions
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polysacchyde
a carbohydrate
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cellulose
plant cell wall
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glycogen
a substance deposited in bodily tissues as a store of carbohydrates
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Lipid
any of a class of organic compounds that are fatty acids
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glycerol
a colorless, sweet, viscous liquid formed as a byproduct in soap manufacture
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protein
the last form of enegy burnt
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Amino Acid
a simple organic compound containing both a carboxyl (-COOH) and an amino (-NH2) group.
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Activation energy
the minimum quantity of energy that the reacting species must possess in order to undergo a specified reaction.
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Peptide bond
he primary linkage of all protein structures
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Enzyme
a substance produced by a living organism that acts as a catalyst to bring about a specific biochemical reaction.
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Nucleic acid
a complex organic substance present in living cell
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Nucleotide
- a compound consisting of a nucleoside linked to a phosphate group.
- Nucleotides form the basic structural unit of nucleic acids such as
- DNA.
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Dna
deoxyribonucleic acid, a self-replicating material present in nearly all living organisms
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RNA
- ribonucleic acid, a nucleic acid present in all living cells. Its
- principal role is to act as a messenger carrying instructions from DNA
- for controlling the synthesis of proteins
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Acid
molecule or other entity that can donate a proton or accept an electron pair in reactions
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Buffer
A system that regulates
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hydrolisis
the chemical breakdown of a compound due to reaction with water.
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