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What is self aid?
Emergency treatment you apply to yourself
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what are some military items you can use as a splint?
- rifle
- tent poles
- belt
- bayonet
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What is the quickest way to splint a broken leg?
tie the broken leg securely to the unbroken leg
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What is the object of first aid?
- 1. Stop bleeding
- 2. Over come shock
- 3. Relieve Pain
- 4. Prevent infection
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What FM covers first aid?
FM 4-25.11
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What is first aid?
the first treatment given to casualties before treatment by medical personnel is provided
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When would you not remove a casualties clothing to expose a wound?
in a chemical environment or if the clothing is stuck to the wound
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What soldiers are most likely to suffer heat injuries?
soldiers not accustomed to the heat, over weight solders, prior heat causalities, dehydrated soldiers from alcohol, diarrhea, or lack of water
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how high should an womb be elevated above the heart to control bleeding?
2 to 4 inches
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What are the life saving steps ? (ABC's)
- 1. Airway- open airway
- 2. Bleeding- Stop bleeding
- 3. Check for shock-
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How should the ends of an improved pressure dressing be tied?
with a non slip knot directly over the womb but not so tight that it has a tourniquet effect
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What is manual pressure?
direct pressure applied to help control bleeding
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Should a casualty be given water to drink?
no, they should not eat or drink
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Why should you dress a bandage asap?
to protect the womb from further contamination and to control breathing
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What should you do to indicate that a casualty has received a tourniquet?
mark their forehead with a T and note the time of application
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Should you remove a tourniquet?
no, only qualified personnel can
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Where is a tourniquet applied?
two inches above wound
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how can you prevent athletes foot?
by keeping your feet clean, use foot powder and change socks daily
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Name 3 categories of heat injuries
- 1.heat cramps
- 2. heat exhaustion
- 3. heat stroke
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what are signs and symptoms of heat cramps?
- 1. cramping in the extremities
- 2. Abdominal cramps
- 3. Excessive sweating
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What is the treatment for heat cramps?
- 1. move casualty to a cool, shady area
- 2. lossing clothing
- 3. have them slowly drink one canteen of water
- 4. Seek medical assistance should cramps continue
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What are the sign and symptoms of heat exhaustion?
- 1. headache
- 2. Weakness
- 3. dizziness
- 4. cramping
- 5. nausea
- 6. chills
- 7. confusion
- 8. tingling hands or feet
- 9. Excessive sweating with pale, moist, skin
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What is the treatment of heat exhaustion?
- 1. move the casualty to a cool place
- 2. loosen clothing
- 3. drink water
- 4. elevate legs
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What are signs and symptoms of a heat stroke?
- 1. skin is red, hot and dry
- 2. weakness
- 3.unconciousness
- 4. diziness
- 5. cramps
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if a casualty is suspected of having a spinal injury which method would you use to open the airway?
jaw thrust technique, because it can be done without extending the neck
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What are the two types of fractures?
open and closed
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what are signs of an open fracture?
- bleeding
- bones sticking through skin
- you wont be able to check pulse
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What are signs of a closed fracture?
- swelling
- discoloration
- deformity
- check for pulse
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with an open fracture what should you do first?
Stop the bleeding
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What is the basic proven principle in splinting fractures?
Splint them where they lie
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How tight should a tourniquet be?
it should be tightened until the bright red bleeding has stopped
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What are 3 common points for checking the pulse?
- 1. carotid
- 2. femoral
- 3. radial the wrist
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what are symptoms of shock?
- clammy skin
- confusion
- fast breathing
- nausea
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what is the treatment for shock?
- P.E.L.C.R.N (pronounced PELL-CRIN)
- position casualty on back
- elevate legs
- loosen clothing
- climatize
- reassure
- notify medical personnel
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what is a heat injury?
loss of water and salt, dehydration of the body
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how do you stop bleeding?
- apply a field dressing
- maual pressure
- elevate the limb
- apply a pressure pressing
- digital pressure
- apply a tourniquet
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What is CPR?
cardiopulmonary resuscitation, used to restore a heart beat
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When should you stop trying to restore breathing?
- When a doctor tells you to stop
- when others relieve you
- when you cannot physically continue
- when the casualty starts to breath
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What is AIDS?
the end stage of the HIV infection (acquired immunodeficiency syndrome)
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What are the two types of rescue breathing?
- 1. mouth to mouth
- 2. nose to mouth
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when should a casualty not be placed in the shock position?
- head injury
- abdominal wound
- fractured leg
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how long is direct manual pressure need to be applied to control breathing?
5 to 10 minutes
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what should you do before you leave an unconscious casualty?
turn their head to the side so they dont choke on their vomit
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When should a tourniquet be applied to control breathing?
as a last result or when an arm or leg has been severed
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What does COLD stand for?
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What are the 8 steps to evaluating a casualty?
- responsiveness
- breathing
- pulse
- bleeding
- shock
- fractures
- burns
- head injuries
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what is the first indication of frostbite?
skin becomes numb and forms white patches
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how do you treat frostbite?
remove clothing from the area warm with body heat and seek medical help
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When should an airtight dressing be applied to a sucking chest wound?
as the casualty breathes out
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how should you position a casualty with an open abdominal wound?
on his back with knees up to relieve abdominal pressure
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what do you do with exposed abdominal organs?
wrap them in a dry and clean material and place them on top of the abdomen.
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how do you take the carotid pulse?
on the side of the neck with two fingers
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what are the two man carries for transporting casualties?
- two man support carry
- two man arms carry
- four hand seat carry
- two hand seat carry
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What are the one man carrying methods?
- fireman carry
- neck drag
- arms carry
- saddle back carry
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should you put medical cream on a burn?
no
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what are the four types of burns?
- 1. Thermal
- 2. electrical
- 3. chemical
- 4. laser
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what is the primary objective in the treatment of burns?
prevent shock and infection
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What are the 3 types of medical evacuation?
- urgent- within 2 hrs
- priority- within 4 hrs
- routine- within 24 hrs
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what is the first step in first aid to treating a casualty?
remove casualty from source of burn
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