Science and Civ

14 Billion years ago

About 3 million years ago

• "new stone"
• Ended about 8000 years ago

• "old stone"
• 3 million - 6,000 BC

• Sedentary lifestyle
• Social organization
• Population increased

Predicting the future with random objects, such as bones or lots

• son of Ises and Osiris
• God of the Sun

God of the Underworld

• Jackle-head
• prepares the dead

Air that separates the sky and earth

The starry sky

The Earth god

• Brother of Osiris
• Evil?

• Crane headed
• recorded information

Small clay servents

Farming, animal domestication, and metallurgy.

Slightly less work. Simplistic life. No material connections. Food production has been shown to be better than hunter/gatherer.

It means we live in a complicated group of organized humans. I am different in my resources and connections. It is equal in any non-external measurement, such as happiness.

• Modern Iraq and Egypt.
• The fertile crescent and birthplace of civilization.

Mesopotamian language that is considered the first written language. Based on words, then ideas.

Large step pyramid.

• 1700 BC.
• First law- no prison, life not values, superstitious

Idea that the location has a sacred aspect intrinsic in them.

The Mesopotamian flood story, about how a human came to recognize his mortality.

The Code of Hammurabi is a well-preserved Babylonian law code, dating back to about 1772 BC. It is one of the oldest deciphered writings of significant length in the world. The sixth Babylonian king, Hammurabi, enacted the code, and partial copies exist on a human-sized stone stele and various clay tablets. The Code consists of 282 laws, with scaled punishments, adjusting "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" as graded depending on social status, of slave versus free man.Nearly one-half of the Code deals with matters of contract, establishing, for example, the wages to be paid to an ox driver or a surgeon. Other provisions set the terms of a transaction, establishing the liability of a builder for a house that collapses, for example, or property that is damaged while left in the care of another. A third of the code addresses issues concerning household and family relationships such as inheritance, divorce, paternity and sexual behavior. Only one provision appears to impose obligations on an official; this provision establishes that a judge who reaches an incorrect decision is to be fined and removed from the bench permanently. A handful of provisions address issues related to military service.

A stone found by Napoleon around 1800 that had Greek, Egyptian, and Demotic written on it. It allowed historians to "crack" Egyptian.

Ancient Egyptian writing system. No set direction to read in.

worship of multiple gods

The Great Pyramid

represents the umbilical cord, which means eternity

Jars that hold a mummy's organs until they are resurrected.

Dog like monster that will eat you if your heart weighs more than the feather of truth.

circular map used after your death (facsimile)

God of truth, who measures your heart

• Signs of earthly power
• United the earth and sky
• Represented primordial mounds rising from the sea of creation

Chinese emperor.  Believed that people were intrinsically lazy and needed laws to push them forward.  Unified China, built up the Great Wall, standardized wights and measures and coinage, simplified and standardized characters, built roads and canals.Also believed in legalism, burned books, had little concern for life, tried to find elixir of immortality, Terra Cotta army

With education, people will cooperate, not compete.  Moral virtue, family, social

belief in community as opposed to individual rights, people are born lazy and selfish but can be taught to change. Gov’t, society, and public education are all valued.

Same as Confucianism except that people cannot change. It was instituted by Shi Huangdi

Nature is at its best, we cannot improve upon it. No need for Gov’t or education

built up by Shi Huangdi

Action through inaction

do the right thing according to your social circumstance, such as pay deference to parents

polytheistic. believe in reincarnation, wheel of re-birth

law of the harvest, return unto you what you do

This is when you get off of the wheel of rebirth.  A state of enlightenment, and loss of the sense of individuality, connects you to all human beings

cycle of rebirth after death. New life is based on previous life’s deeds. called the wheel of rebirth

Non-violence.  Everything deserves to be alive so don’t hurt anything.  Life is valuable

life is pain and suffering, especially the pain of getting what you want

• Duhkha
• Duhkha is caused by our desires and attachments
• There will be an end to Duhkha one day
• 8-fold path (how we end suffering)

People who practice ‘big raft’ buddhism.  They want to be the last to enter Nirvana to help everyone else .  Particular to Mahayana buddhism

‘big vehicle’ buddism, saved as a society

practiced by monks, ‘little raft’ buddhism, save yourself

“The enlightened One”, there are multiple Buddhas possible in existence.

Make the mind and body one, a yoking of them together.

Deny the carnal, fast for days, the only way to remove yourself from the world

• Buddhism and Jainism are rebel religions, against the injustices of Hinduism
• Four noble truths of Buddhism that lead to leaving the wheel of rebirth, designed to eliminate the monkey mind:

dispersion; scattering of Jews

the 10 Tribes were taken into captivity from the North Kingdom of Israel in the 720s B.C. by the Assyrians.

720 BC

• 600 B.C.
• Daniel and Ezekiel

The race of the Jews and those in that region.  Semitic languages: Arabic, Aramaic, Hebrew

• Monotheism
• The Bible
• Law, for the 10 Commandments
• Covenant with God

• 600 BC
• Monism
• believed water was the source of all things.

There is a single root cause to everything

Monist who believed air was the source of all

Believed in apeiron, the idea that "the boundless" is another dimension. It appears to us as opposites that break down over time and slip back into the boundless.

ever changing nature- no man steps in the same river twice

Change is not real. Reality is static. Kind of the first raionalist, and everything is just a hallucination.

• Proposed about 40 anti-motion paradoxes:
• Cannot move from a to b because must travel half the distance and half the remaining distance etc… so you must travel through an infinite number of points in a finite time period.
• In a race, you will eventually be where the other person was, always being were they were so never where they are.
• An arrow cannot ever move because it can only occupy space as large as it is