affects the kidney and liver; they will both try to start to regulate your body due to the lack of blood, both of them are "sensory" organs
Liver
releases angiteniogen, kidney then releases Renin which leads to antiotensin I, angiotensin converting enzymes (ACE) are then released and leads to angiotensin II
ACE inhibitors
decreases aldosterone secretion, decreases vasoconstriction of arterioles, decreases water reabsorption, reduces symptoms of CHF
Captopril
Angiotensin Converting Enzyme inhibitor drug
Angiotensin II
increase aldosterone secretion which increase sodium/water reabsorption (wherever sodium goes; water follows)
vasoconstriction of arterioles
ADH secretion (releases antidiuretic enzyme?) which increases water reabsorption
Angiotensin II binds to
Angiotension II receptors
Angiotension receptor blockers (ARB)
blocks angio II from binding to Angio II receptors and the three symptoms of increase in aldosterone secretion, vasoconstriction of arterioles, and ADH secretion
Losartan
Angiotension receptor blocker (ARB)
Is ARB or ACE used first?
usually ACE because it was used first and so we know it is safe and ARB has more side effects
Cardiac glycosides
increase in force of contraction without increase in oxygen consumption
increase in calcium flux into the cell to block sodium/potassium ATPase
increase in sodium concentration (sodium/calcium pump to increase calcium in cell)
Digooxin
Cardiac glycoside; Half life is equal to 1.5-2days in urine
Digitoxin
Cardiac glycoside; half life is 5-7 days; feces
Hypertension
increase in BP/vasoconstriction
increase in vascular resistance
decrease cardiac output and increase heart rate
Angiotension II
increase ADH by increasing water reabsorption
increase aldosterone (sodium and water resistor)
vasoconstriction
ACE inhibitors
have reverse effects on 3 effects on angiotension II
ARBS (competively block receptors for Angiotension to take effect)
Cardiac glycosides
Therapeutic index
LD50/ED50 ~ 1
Cardiac glycosides extend
the length of action potential
Diuretics
Thiazide (hydrochlorothiazide (HTz)
Organic Acid/loop (Lasix)
decrease sodium and water reabsorption in kidney to facilitate loss of potassium