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functions of fat
- extra insluation and protection of internal organs
- Transports fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)
- energy stores are in lipid cells
-
deficiencies of fat
- starvation
- ezcema
- deficiency of essential amino acids
- growth retardation
- likely cases of starvation
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examples of saturated fat
potato chips, take away foods, cheddar cheese and chocolate
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examples of monounsaturated fat
avocado, olive oil and almonds
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examples of polyunsaturated fat
polyunsaturated margargine, brazil nits and oily fish
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functions of omega 3 + example
- increased reduced levels of anti clotting in the blood
- protects the heart against heart attack
- fish and fish oil supplements
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weight distribution define gynoid
better for your health, shaped as a pear
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weight distribution define andriod
increases cardiovascular levels but shaped like an apple
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functions of protein
- structure of cell membrane
- growth, repair and maintenance of muscle tissue
- hair and nail growth
- second source of energy
- transports proteins
-
deficiencies of protein
- tissue wasting
- oedema
- changes in appearance
- metabolic impairment
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define indespensable aa
and dispensable aa
- ind - the body cannot make
- dis - amino acids that can be made in the body
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define complete amino acids and imcomplete amino acids
- complete - made up of all essential amino acids - meat, fish, eggs
- incomplete - lacking in essential amino acids - cereals, fruit and veg
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carbohydrate functions
- main source of energy to achieve daily activities
- provision of dietary fibre to stimulate the digestive system
-
deficiencies of carbohydrates
- protein depletion as the body converts muscle tissue to provide energy for the body's daily activities
- inability to participate in prolonged exercise as the bodys glycogen stores are inadequate.
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monosaccharides
- one sugar
- glucose, fructose and galactose
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disacchardies
- double sugar
- maltose (glucose x 2)
- sucrose (fructose and glucose)
- lactose (glucose and galactose)
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polysaccharides
- 3 of more sugars
- starch (potatoes), chitin, cellulose, dextrin, pectin and glycogen
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define indigestable carbs
carbs that cannot be broken down in to a monosaccharide and absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract
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define digestable carbs
carbs that can be digested and broken down into a monosaccharide and absorbed by the stomach
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dietary fibre functions
- encourage a health saliva flow to ensure healthy gums and teeth
- control glucose levels that are absorbed in to the blood stream
- help prevent bowel cancer and constipation
- help prevent and reduce high blood chloesterol levels
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coeliac disease
what is it, functions
- permanent intolerance to gluten, loss of villi resulting in a decreased absorption of nutrients that rely on their large surface area
- reduced number of villi, coeliac suffers can experience malabsorption of proteins, vitamins and minerals.
- functions - diarrhoea, anaemia, mouth ulcers,
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lactose intolerance
what is it, concerns and functions
- inhability to breakdown lactose in milk products due to insufficient lactasle (enzyme required to digest lactose)
- concerns - pain suffers experience
- reaching RDI for calcium
- lack of variety in the diet
- functions - bloating and diarrhoea, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D are essential for growth of bones and teeth
- SOY products are now avaliable
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define energy dense
are high in kilojoules (generally because fats are present) lower in fibre and high in sucrose with a few vitamins and minerals (high amount of energy)
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define nutrient dense
contain many nutrients and high in fibre, vitamins and minerals
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5 Australian Healthy Eating guidelines
- 1. achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious foods to meet your energy needs
- 2. energy a wide range of nutritious foods from the food groups each day
- 3. limit the intake of food containing saturated fats, added salt, sugar and alcohol
- 4. encourage and support breastfeeding
- 5. care for your food, prepare and store it safely.
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