Topic 1 Macronutrients

• extra insluation and protection of internal organs
• Transports fat soluble vitamins (ADEK)
• energy stores are in lipid cells

• starvation
• ezcema
• deficiency of essential amino acids
• growth retardation
• likely cases of starvation

potato chips, take away foods, cheddar cheese and chocolate

avocado, olive oil and almonds

polyunsaturated margargine, brazil nits and oily fish

• increased reduced levels of anti clotting in the blood
• protects the heart against heart attack
• fish and fish oil supplements

better for your health, shaped as a pear

increases cardiovascular levels but shaped like an apple

• structure of cell membrane
• growth, repair and maintenance of muscle tissue
• hair and nail growth
• second source of energy
• transports proteins

• tissue wasting
• oedema
• changes in appearance
• metabolic impairment

• ind - the body cannot make
• dis - amino acids that can be made in the body

• complete - made up of all essential amino acids - meat, fish, eggs
• incomplete - lacking in essential amino acids - cereals, fruit and veg

• main source of energy to achieve daily activities 
• provision of dietary fibre to stimulate the digestive system

• protein depletion as the body converts muscle tissue to provide energy for the body's daily activities
• inability to participate in prolonged exercise as the bodys glycogen stores are inadequate.

• one sugar
• glucose, fructose and galactose

• double sugar
• maltose (glucose x 2)
• sucrose (fructose and glucose)
• lactose (glucose and galactose)

• 3 of more sugars
• starch (potatoes), chitin, cellulose, dextrin, pectin and glycogen

carbs that cannot be broken down in to a monosaccharide and absorbed in the gastrointestinal tract

carbs that can be digested and broken down into a monosaccharide and absorbed by the stomach

• encourage a health saliva flow to ensure healthy gums and teeth
• control glucose levels that are absorbed in to the blood stream
• help prevent bowel cancer and constipation
• help prevent and reduce high blood chloesterol levels

• permanent intolerance to gluten, loss of villi resulting in a decreased absorption of nutrients that rely on their large surface area
• reduced number of villi, coeliac suffers can experience malabsorption of proteins, vitamins and minerals. 
• functions - diarrhoea, anaemia, mouth ulcers,

• inhability to breakdown lactose in milk products due to insufficient lactasle (enzyme required to digest lactose)
• concerns - pain suffers experience
• reaching RDI for calcium
• lack of variety in the diet
• functions - bloating and diarrhoea, calcium, phosphorus and vitamin D are essential for growth of bones and teeth
• SOY products are now avaliable

are high in kilojoules (generally because fats are present) lower in fibre and high in sucrose with a few vitamins and minerals (high amount of energy)

contain many nutrients and high in fibre, vitamins and minerals

• 1. achieve and maintain a healthy weight, be physically active and choose amounts of nutritious foods to meet your energy needs
• 2. energy a wide range of nutritious foods from the food groups each day
• 3. limit the intake of food containing saturated fats, added salt, sugar and alcohol
• 4. encourage and support breastfeeding
• 5. care for your food, prepare and store it safely.