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Cerebral
Pertaining to the brain
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Ophthalmoscope
An instrument used to see the eye
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Hepatoma
Tumor of the liver
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Carcinoma
Cancerous tumor.
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Adenectomy
Removal of a gland
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Pruritus
- Itching
- Associated with dermatitis.
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SLE (Systemic Lupus Erythamotosus)
Inflammatory disease of collagen of the skin, joints, and other organs.
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Ecchymosis, Ecchymoses
Bruise(s)
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Albinism
Skin pigment condition
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Psoriasis
Dermatitis with red patches and silvery scales.
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Osteitis
Inflammation of a bone
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Arthroplasty
Surgical joint repair
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Biopsy
Examination of living tissue
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Myeloma
Tumor of bone marrow
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Volvulus
Twisting of the intestines.
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Liposuction
Removal of fatty tissue.
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Steatorrhea
Fat in the feces.
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Percutaneous
Through the skin.
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Osteomyelitis
Inflammation of the bone and bone marrow.
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Gouty Arthritis
Joint inflammation due to uric acid accumulation.
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Lyme Disease
Bacterial infection caused by the spirochete borrelia burgdorferi.
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Arthrography
X-ray of a joint with contrast material.
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The "growth plate"
- Suffix: -physis
- Epiphyseal Plate
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What are the planes of the body?
- Frontal (coronal) plane: vertical, divides the body into anterior and posterior positions
- Sagittal (lateral) plane): lengthwise vertical, divides the body into right or left sides.
- Transverse (axial) plane: Horizontal, divides the body parallel to the ground. Upper and lower portions.
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Roots that mean "Hardening"
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Roots that mean "Resembling"
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Roots that mean "Large Intestine"
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The types of burns.
- First-degree burns: No blisters, pink to red, dry, painful, usually a sunburn.
- Second-degree burns: Blisters, very painful, epidermal and dermal lesions, very sensitive.
- Third-degree burns: Not painful, epidermis and dermis are destroyed, differential in color (white or yellow).
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What are the 12 body systems?
- Integumentary (skin)
- Skeletal (the bones)
- Muscular (the muscles)
- Cardiovascular (heart and vessels/providing movement of blood)
- Respiratory (the lungs)
- Digestive (the mouth, esophagus, stomach, etc.)
- Nervous (brain, spinal cord, etc.)
- Endocrine (glands which secrete inside the body)
- Lymphatic (moves fluid throughout the body and moves waste around)
- Urinary (kidneys, bladder, responsible for filatration of fluids throughout the body)
- Reproductive (system that allows sexual reproduction)
- Reticuloendothelial (immune system)
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Amniocentesis
A puncture to remove fluid from the sac around the embryo.
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Genes
- Contained in chromosomes.
- Several thousand genes in each chromosome.
- They contain DNA, which regulates the activity of a cell.
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The parts of a cell.
- Cell Membrane: Surrounds/protects the cell, regulates what passes in and out.
- Nucleus: Controls the operations of the cell.
- Chromosomes: 23 pairs, contain genes.
- Cytoplasm: Material outside the nucleus in the cell membrane.
- Mitochondria: provides energy for the cell.
- Endoplasmic Reticulum: Network of canals that manufacture proteins.
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Joint Types and their examples
- Fibrous: the least movable; the surtures in the skull; tid fib joint in ankles.
- Cartilagous: tough joints; provide cushioning; provide motioning at pubic symphesis, intervertebral disk
- 7 Synovial: the most
- -gliding: joints that slide [carpals, SI],
- -hinge [phalanges, elbow],
- -Pivot [atalanto-axial, radio-ulna],
- -Ellipsoidal [metacarpo-phalangeal, radio-carpo]
- -Saddle [carpo-metacarpal],
- -Ball and Socket [femur is the largest one, shoulder, hip]
- TMJ: Temperal Vendibulo Joint
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Vitamin D deficiency causes WHAT?
Nerve fibers are unable to transmit impulses effectively to muscles, the heart muscle becomes weak, and muscles attached to bones undergo spasms.
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An opening in the bone is called WHAT?
Foramen
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Osteodystrophy
The poor formation (abnormal development) of bone.
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Diverticula
Abnormal side pockets in a hollow organ.
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Ischemia
An area with insufficient blood.
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Nephrosis
Abnormal condition of the kidney.
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Spondylolisthesis
Slipping of one vertebrae upon another.
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Roots and Definition for the "Fibula?"
- The smallest of the two lower leg bones.
- Fibul/o
- Perone/o
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Types of fractures
- Simple (closed): bone is broken but there is no open wound in the skin.
- Compund (open): bone is broken and a fragment protrudes through an open wound in the skin.
- Colles: Near the wrist at the distal ends of the radius.
- Comminuted: Bone is splintered and crushed in several pieces.
- Compression: Bone collapses or is compressed, happens in the vertebrae.
- Greenstick: Bone is partially broken and bends at the other end, happens at the forearm.
- Impacted: One fragment is driven firmly into another.
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Peritoneum
Double folded membrane that lines the abdominal cavity.
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Ilium
The uppermost and largest portion of the pelvis that join at the sacrum.
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Ileum
The 3rd portion of the small intestine which is 11 feet long.
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Small Intestine: Names and Lengths
- 1. Duodenum: 1 ft long
- 2. Jejunum: 8 ft long.
- 3. Ileum: 11 ft long
- Total = 20 feet
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Large Intestine: Names and Lengths
- 1. Cecum (appendix is attached to it).
- 2. Colon: 5 ft (Ascending, Transverse, Descending, Sigmoid).
- 3. Rectum (leads to anus).
- Total = 5 ft
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Muscle Functions
- Striated Muscle: Makes up the voluntary and skeletal muscles that move all the bones. Fascia separates them.
- Smooth Muscle: Makes up involuntary or visceral muscles that move internal organs.
- Cardiac Muscle: Branching fibers that are found in the heart.
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Liver Serums
- AST (aminotransferase) = SGOT (serum glutamic oxaloacetic transaminase). Found in tissues, released when they're damaged.
- ALT (alanine aminotransferase) = SGPT (serum glutamic pyruvic transaminase). Found largely in the liver, realease when damaged.
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Dental Specialties
- Endodontist: Specializing in the inner parts of the tooth.
- Orthodontist: Specializes in straightening teeth.
- Periodontist: Specializes in the treatment of gums.
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Chromosomal Anomalies
- Down Syndrome: Child recieves an extra chromosome, so they have 47 instead of 46.
- Turner Syndrome: Partial or complete absense of the second X chromosome in females.
- Klinefelter syndrome: An extra X chromosome in a male.
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Tissues
- Epithelial: Covers the outside of the body and lines the inner surface of the internal organs.
- Muscle: Voluntary (conscious movement: arms, legs, etc.), Involuntary (unconscious movement: heart and digestive system), Cardiac (inside the heart).
- Connective: bone, cartilage, blood, adipose (fat), fibrous (tendons: MUSCLE TO BONE and ligaments: BONE TO BONE)
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