cerebellum or neural pathway that connect it to the CNS
ataxic means
widespread in-coordination, out of order
speech errors primarily with ataxic
articulation and prosodic
voice quality with ataxic
harsh, monotonous pitch and volume
prosody with ataxic is
reduced to unnatural stress
speech of those with ataxic is
unsteady, slurred, dragging and blurred
likened to drunken speech
cerebellum primary function
coordinate timing and force of muscular contractions
what processes sensory information from all over the body and integrates it into execution of movement
cerebellum
the cerebellum is attached to the brainstem T or F?
T
the cerebellum is attached to the brainstem and communicates with the rest of the CNS through neural tracts called
cerebellar peduncles
by exchanging information through the cerebellar peduncles, the cerebellum is able to
monitor ongoing movements and comminicate with the cortex concerning planned upcoming movements
the cerebellar peduncle tracts:
inferior, middle, superior
this peduncle allows the cerebellum to receive sensory info from the entire body about position of body parts. This vast amount of sensory info lets cerebellum know body positions before, during and after movement
inferior
the largest peduncle
middle
this tract connects the cerebellum to the cortex
middle peduncle
this tract receives preliminary info from the cortex regarding planned movements
middle
it is thought that the _______ peduncle recieves rough preliminary motor impluses via the cotex and sends them to the cerebellum to be coordinated
middle
this peduncle is the cerebellum's main output channel to the rest of the CNS
superior
it is through this that the cerebellum sends its processed motor impulses to the motor areas of the cortex
superior
the entire corticocerebellar control circuit
starts in the cortex, courses down thru cerebellum thru middle peduncle which exit the cerebellum thru the superior peduncle and travel back up to the cortex after passing thru thalamus
there are other tracts coursing out of the superior peduncle that connect the cerebellum to the
extrapyramidal system
the precise nature of cerebellum's influnce on speech is very clear?
NO, unlcear
probable ways the cerebellum affects speech:
corticocerebellar control unit
planned motor movements for speech are sent from cortex to cerebellum which refines and coordinates
cerebellum probably coordinates speech by:
sensory info about the positions and conditions of the articulators
prior practice on what skilled target movements should be
one way the cerebellum may influence speech movements is thru connections with the:
extrapyramidal system
movement deficits of timing, force, range and directions due to cerebellar damage is:
cerebellar ataxia
those with cerebellar ataxia gait:
wide, staggering gait, looks like about to fall
This degenerative disease has a late onset:
How does one develop it?
Autosomal Dominant cerebellar Ataxia of Late Onset
hereditary
what is the prognosis of Autosomal Dominant Ataxia Late Onset?
poor, death within a few years after symptoms
Idiopathic Sporadic Late Onset cerebellar Ataxia often results in:
What is the cause?
progrssive cerebellar ataxia, ataxic dysarthria, and balance deficits
unknown
this disease can affect the spinal cord as well as the cerebellum
how does one get it?
Friedrich's Ataxia
hereditary
spinocerebellar disease
Freidrich's Ataxia
this disorder becomes evident in the 20's with few living past their 40's:
death occurs after:
friedrich's ataxia
coma or heart failure
dysarthria with friedrich's
mixed
this disease results in atrophy of the middle peduncle, much of the cerebellum, and parts of the pons
olivopontocerebellar degeneration
symptoms of this are parkinsons like, muscular rigidity, and reduced range of movement
olivopontocerebellar degeneration
___% of intracerebral hemorrhages primarily affect the cerebellum or circuits
10
is stroke a cause of ataxic dysarthria?
yes
are toxic exposures causes of ataxic dysarthria?
if yes, to what?
yes, lead and mercury poisoning, acute and chronic alcohol use and other chemicals
is ataxic dysarthria treatable in those with toxic exposure?
yes, will resolve as levels go down
exposure to this antiseizure drug can cause ataxia and may be irreversible
phenutoin-dilanton
some metabolic causes:
lack of B12 or E, severe hypothyroidism, and hereditary disorders
with TBI causing ataxia, is the damage usually focal or diffuse?
diffuse
these are especially vunerable to rapid rotational force in a TBI with high amounts of axonal stretching
cerebellar peduncles
how may a tumor affect cerebellar function?
may grow inside or close to destroying cells and compressing tissue, or it may interfere with control units
ataxic dysarthria speech quality is described as
drunken
is scanning speech used to describe it?
yes, some use this term
scanning speech in ataxic is:
slow, deliberate with each syllable with equal stress
significant problem in ataxic speech
articualtion
most prevelent prob in ataxic
imprecise consonants
are distorted vowels a common error?
yes
defecits complex movements requiring more than one body part are called
decomposition of movement
are the artic errors always consistent?
no, irregular breakdowns
are prosodic errors prominant?
yes
prosodic errors:
equal and excess stress, prolonged phonemes, prolonged intervals between phonemes, monopitch, monoloud, slow rate
is slowness a characteristic? if so why?
yes, probably due to hypotonia
are many phonatory deficits noted?
no
what is the most prominant voice quality?
harsh
does vocal tremor occur
it can, but not common
are resonance problems common in ataxic?
no
exagerated movements of respiration can cause:
excessive loudness variations in speech
paradoxal respiration movements can cause:
limited air pressure for speech
one of the most valuable assessments of ataxic?
AMRs
will the rate on an AMR be quicker or slower?
slower
the rhythm in an AMR task for ataxic?
irregular
what tx is useful in ataxic regarding speech breathing?
controling the aorflow more accuratelt for speech
should ataxic d individuals slow or increase their rate?
