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a congenital anomaly resulting from an absence of ganglion cells in colon; also known as congenital aganglionic megacolon
Hirschsprung disease
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Appenditis
inflammation of the appendix
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a pouch on the wall of the lower part of the intestine that is present at birth (congenital), that is the same tissue of the stomach or pancreas
Meckel Diverticulum
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proximal segment of bowel telescope into a distal segment pulling the mesentery with it
Intussuception
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abnormal rotation of intestines around the superior mesenteric artery during embryologic development
Malrotation Volvulus (short bowel syndrome)-
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a protrusion of bowel through an abnormal opening in muscle wall
Hernia
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a soft, skin-covered protrusion of intestine and omentum (double fold of peritoneum) through a weakness in abdominal wall at umbilicus
Umbilical hernia
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Results when failure of transverse septum and pleuroperitoneal fails to develop and form diaphragm
Congenital diaphragmatic hernia
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most common helminthes infection in the USA
Pinworms
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infection caused by bacteria, viruses, or fungus that occurs in the urinary tract
Urinary tract infections
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Involuntary voiding by a child that bladder control is expected/ or achieved
Enuresis
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Abnormal backflow of urine from the bladder into ureters during voiding
Vesicoureteral reflux
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Urethral meatus can be located anywhere along the ventral or undersurface of the penile shaft
Hypospadias
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Meatal opening is located on the dorsal surface of the penis
Epispadias
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a failure of one or both testes to descend from inguinal canal into the scrotum
Cryptorchidism
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occurs when tissue pushes through a weak spot in your groin muscle
Inguinal hernia
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a nonspecific kidney disorder characterized by a number of signs of disease: proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia and edema. It is characterized by an increase in permeability of the capillary walls of the glomerulus leading to the presence of high levels of protein passing from the blood into the urine
Nephritic syndrome
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a disease process that affects primarily the glomerulus of kidney
Acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis
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Caused by Chlamydia trachomatis
Chlamydia
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sexually transmitted disease caused by bacteria
Gonorrhea
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Inflammatory disease of the upper female genital tract
Pelvic inflammatory disease
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caused by a virus, Inflammatory process of the liver that can be fatal
Hepatitis
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Recurrent, incurable, viral infection characterized by painful vesicular eruption of skin and mucosa
Herpes Simplex virus
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a sexually transmitted virus
Human Papilloma virus
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infection caused by trichomonas vaginalis (microscope protozoan that thrives in an alkaline environment)
Trichomoniasis
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a chronic infection caused by the spirochete pallidum
Syphilis
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a common vaginal infection, is diagnosed by its fishy odor and by the presence of “clue” on a vaginal smear
Bacterial vaginosis
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also called moniliasis or “yeast infection” one of the most common vaginitis that women experience
Vulvovaginal candidiasis
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Caused by the parasite Toxoplasma gondii acquired by: consuming undercooked meat, insect contamination of food, contact with feces from infected cats, contact from infected materials in soil
Toxoplasmosis
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Caused by Rubella virus
Rubella
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Virus found in saliva, urine, and other body fluids
Cytomegalovirus
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Herpes virus that is highly contagious, primary infection causes chickenpox, fever, and malaise
Varicella Zoster Virus (VZV)
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a member of the normal flora of the gut and female urogenital tract, colonization can be chronic or intermittent.
Group B Streptococcus
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Occurs when a child is born to a mother with syphilis
Congenital Syphilis
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Blood loss of greater than 500mL following vaginal delivery or (1000mL following c-section)
Postpartum hemorrhage
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Relaxation of the uterus
Uterine atony
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Small portion of placenta remain attached to uterus, uterine contractions prohibited, Can be a cause of late hemorrhage
Retained placental fragments
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Injury to blood vessel from birth trauma
Hematomas
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Prolapse of fundus to or through cervix (uterus is inside out)
Uterine inversion
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Interferes with production of fibrinogen and other blood clotting factors
Coagulation disorders
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Failure of uterus to return to normal size
Subinvolution
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Inflammation/infection in uterine lining, most common PP infection
Endometritis
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Precursor to infection, unable to empty bladder
Over distention of the bladder
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Kidney infection, upper urinary tract infection
Pyelonephritis
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Bacterial infection of the breast connective tissue, causative bacteria: S. aureus, E. Coli, Streptococcus
Mastitis
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More common in saphenous veins, preexisting varicies-increase risk 3rd/4th ppd, tenderness in portion of vein, local heat and redness, normal to low fever, palpable cord
Superficial leg disease
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History of thrombosis-increases risk, edema ankle/leg, initial low grade fever to fever/chills, pain, human’s sign positive, decreased peripheral pulses, limb pale/cool
Deep vein thrombosis
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Infected blood clots develop in one or several of pelvic blood vessels, Potential for abscess to form in pelvis, can travel to lung, abdominal or flank pain, fever, increased HR
Septic pelvic thrombophlebitis
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Baby blues, maternal blues, mild depression interspersed with happier feelings, 50-80% women, occurs within first few days after delivery and are self limiting up to 2weeks, hormones
Postpartum blues
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