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1. Top Down Processing
the belief that comprehension occurs primarily through the schemata in our heads, not through printed material on the page
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2. Accommodation
most important compontet of learning that occurs when we confront the information that is radically new or radically diffrent information fom our pre-existing schema consequently we are required to substantially change our pre-existingschemata to accommodate the new information
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3. Cognitive dissonance
Whenever an organism fails to learn something or to solve a problem after trying out both assimilation and ecspecially accommodation it leavesthe state of equilibream and enters the state of cognitive discordance a type of cerebral disorientation which can be resolved when we successfullysolved our problem and renter the state of equilibrium
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4. Pior Knowledge
This means the same thing as our schema, life experiences (direct and vicarious ) or degree of familiarity with a topic
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5. Level of independent performances
A vygotsyIan term that means the highest mastery level of something that you can learn on your own without help
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6. scientific concepts
a vygotskyian term that refers to concepts that have been transformed to higher abstract levels of understanding
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7. spontaneous concepts
a vygotskyian term that refers to all of your knowledge about something that has been gained through direct experiences in the real world using all five senses. at this point thee schemata have not been formalized or rendered abstract as typically found in an academic/school setting
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8. SQ3R
a generic study strategyy having 5 componets: S = survey, Q = question, R =read R= recite R= review
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9. full inclusion
disabled students are involved in age-appropriate general education settings in our neighborhood schools during the entire day
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10. social collaborative strategies
cooperative learning strategies or small group learning sraegies
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11. divergent thinking
going in more then 1 directtion
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12. email
a way of electronically sending a letter through the internet
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13. norms
represents avg. sore of a sampling of students selected for testing according to factors such as age sex race grade or socioeconomic status
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14. grade-equivalent scores
provides info about reading test performance as it relates to students at various grade levels
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15. valdity
tells if the test is measuring whats its purpose is to measure
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16. holistic scoring rubric
provides a list of criteria that corresponds to a particular grade/point value
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17. close procedure
a method by which you systematically delete words from a test passage and then evaluate students abilities to accurately supply the deleted words
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18. interdisciplinary units/thematic units
using a wide range of text
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19. reciprocal teaching
mode usinng 4 comprehension activites (generating questions, summarizing, predicting, and clarifying ) while leading a diologue (students take turns assuming the teachers rol)
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20. right there question
the answer is in the text
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21. think and search questions
the answer is in the text almost word for word
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22. literal comprehension
getting info explicitly from the text
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23. interpretive comprehension level
putting together info perceiving relationships and making inferences
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24. applied comprehension level
using info to express opinions and form new ideas
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25. three level reading guide
provides frame work in which students can interact with difficult text at different levels of comprehension
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26. typographic clues
provides a clear-cut connection and direct reference to an unknown word
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27. learning logs
students keep an on going record of learning as it happens in a note book or loose leaf binder
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28. internal test structure
reflected by the interrelationships among ideas in the text as well by the subordination of some ideas to others
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29. critical note
captures the readers reaction or response to the authors thesis
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30. convergent thinking
2 or more things are coming to the common point
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31. public law 194-42
in congress passed this education for all handicapped children act in 1975 which significantly changed the place meant of disabled students in america
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32. rewriting
one of the writing stages where by you write a second or 3rd draft of a paper in clarify meaning
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33. post writing
another writing stage where you get an opportunity to go public with your paper (reading in class, posting on ect)
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34. lateral transfer
the successful transfer of knowledge from one task to another that is essentially vary similar to the original task
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35. naturalistic assessment
this is authentic assessment or informal assessment such as portfolios; it is not formal assessment or standardized in nature such as the act leap sat ect
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36. reflective discussions
these are discussions that held in order to think back over what has been covered and understood, and thee determining what you have derived from such understanding or judging the impact such understandings have on you
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37. story grammar
this is set of rules used to compose or to structure a short story, novel, tragedy, comedy ect. actually there are several story grammars available for composing stories. it is also this grammar that functions as a road map for constructing stories
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38. interlocking guide
these are study guides that employ roman numerals I, II, III for understanding expository passages. each of these 3 levels focus on only one topic comprehension level material, namely literal, interpretive inferential and applied, respectively.
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39. top-level structures
these are the 5 major text structures/org/patterns for composing expository passages: description, sequence, comparison and contrast cause and effect, problem-solution these constitute what is also known as internal test structure ie. a hierarchal structuring or exposition
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40. special vocabulary:
a type of vocabulary that assigns special meaning to words found in our general vocabulary e.g. quotient means division for a secondary math teacher
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41. act of joining
when doing vocabulary exercises that focus on a specific word one indulges in cognitive processes that rely on combining associations that refer to particular word-synomys, ect
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42. face validity
technically this not really validity unlike say content validity concurrent validity or predictive validity. suffice it to this so called type of validity amounts to your guy level feelings reaguarding how you feel aobut data analysis
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43. analytical thinking
a type of thinking that entails comparing and contrasting analyzing evaluating critiquing
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44. creative thinking
a typeof thing that entails creating inventing imagining designing
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45. practical thinking
type of thinking that entails applying implementing utilizing demonstrating
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46. think time
when asking questions allow students at least 10 secs in order to have ample time to response this practice produces superior results when compared to allowing students perhaps 2-3 seconds only for responding questions
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47. formative evaluation
the type of evaluation is ongoing while students is writting essay
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summative evaluation
this type of evaluation occurs AFTER the essay has been written and there is no longer time or room forr comments or feedback. In essence the essayis no being graded
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contextually important information
information deemed important by the reader
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textuallly important information
information deemed important by the aurthor
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cognittive strategies
a varity of plans/actvities students use for the acquistion, retention, and reteval of numerous types of knowledge and preformancee
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schema selection
this is hen a reader has schemata on a topic; however for a variety of reasons he/she is unable to select or activate these schemata which he/she already possess
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functional litteracy
a funtional litercy approach method used to teacch people how to read well enough to functtion in a complex society
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illteracy
unablee to read or write
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scripturally based
readers are able to answer this tpe of question onlyif they possess the requisite schemata
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textually explicit
litteral comprehensoin information; answers tapping such questions are found in one sentence in one or few words or in two sentencesin the text or as a pronoun referet stuation in the text; alsorefferred toas TE
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textually implicit
interpretive/inferential info; answers tap such questions are found in 2+ sentences in test (TI)
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metacongnition/metacongitive strategies
thinking about thinking/comprehension monitoring strategies
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monoculture
a single homogeneous culture without diversity or dissension
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Computer assisted instruction CAI
instructional computers are basicallyused in one of two ways;either to provide a straightforard presentation of data or fill a tutorial role that the student is tested on comprehesion
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World Wide Web
commonly know as web is systemof interlinked hypertest documment accesssed via internet
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connecctive/ties
english supplies us with useful linking words called connecttives which form logiccal bridges bw ideas.They provide glue to bind your sentences together
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hyperlinks
a word,group of words or image that you can click on tojump to a new document or new section whithin the current doc.
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