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Respirtation relies on the muscles of inspiration and expiration. The thick dome-shaped muscle that separates the abdomen from the thorax is called the
Diaphragm
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What cranial nerves innervate most pharyngeal muscles?
- X vagus
- XI spinal accessory
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What is the primary muscle of the lips?
Obicularis Oris
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What type of neurons transfer information away from the brain?
Efferent neurons
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What is the important structure adjacent to the brainstem that contains the hypothalamus and the thalamus?
Diencephalon
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Which structure in the brain controls emotions?
Hyothalamus
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Which structure in the brain relays sensory impusles to the cerebral cortex?
Thalamus
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What three nuclear masses compose the corpus striatum?
- Globus pallidus
- Caudate nucleus
- Putamen
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What structure regulates body posture, equilibrium and coordinatied fine motor movements?
Cerebellum
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The anterior cerbral artery supplies blood to the ______.
- Corpus collosum
- Basal gangia
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To what sounds does the nasopharynx add noticeable resonsnace?
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What structures separate the laryngeal vestibule from the pharynx to help protect the airway and is composed of a ring of connective tissue and muscle extending from the tips of the arytnoid cartilages to the larynx?
Aryepiglottic folds
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Which cranial nerve innervates the larynx and the veli palatini, palatoglossus, and palatopharynges muscles?
Cranial nerve X, vagus
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Which muscles contribute to velopharyngeal closure through tensing and elevating the velum?
- Palatoglossus
- Veli palatini
- Tensor veil palatini
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What structure at the inferior portion of the tongue connects the tongue with the mandible?
lingual fernum
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What muscle is most involved in producing voiced and voiceless /the/?
genioglossus
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When adducting and abducting the vocal folds what muscles are used?
- thyroarytnoids
- lateral cricoarytnoids
- transverse arytnoids
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What fibers connect the cerebral hemisheres?
commissural fibers
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What is the CNS's primary mechanism of attention, alertness and consciousness, which is related to sleeep-wake cycles?
Reticular Activating System (RAS)
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What is the name of the gyrus in the frontal lobe where the the primary motor cortex is located?
Precentral gyrus
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What area in the temporal lobe is critical to the comprehension of spoken language?
Wernicki's area
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What connects Wernicki's area to Broca's area in the frontal lobe?
Arcuate Fasciculus
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What cortex is found in the occipital loabe?
Primary visual cortex
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What is the purpose of the angular gyrus in the parietal lobe?
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What region of the brain is important for interpreting the somesthetic sensations such as pain, touch, and temperature?
Postcentral gyrus or the sensory cortex of the parietal lobe
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What two tracts make up the pyramidal system?
- Corticospinal
- Corticobulbar tracts
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Where is the fluid that fills the interconnected cerbral ventricles produced?
Choroid plexus
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What are the three meningeal coverings of the brain?
- Dura mater
- Pia mater
- Arachnoid
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Toward the upper portion of the pons what does the basilar artery divide into?
Posterior cerbral arteries
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Which carotid artery is a major supplier of blood to the brain?
internal carotid artery
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What is found at the base of the brain and is formed by the two carotid and two vertebral arteries joining?
Circle of Willis
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