Fecko apush lexi

one of the first female clerks in Washington, left her job to help out injured troops of the Civil War by volunteering and bringing food, bandages, and supplies to the wounded on the battle field. After war she was in charge of the search for missing union soldiers and in 1877 she founded and became president of the American Red Cross.

President of the Confederate States of America; a leading southern politician of the 1850s, he believed slavery essential to the South and held that it should expand into the territories without restriction. He served as U.S. senator from Mississippi (1847-1851, 1857-1861) and secretary of war (1853-1857) before becoming president of the Confederate States of America (1861-1865). After the war, he served two years in prison for his role in the rebellion.

Battle near the creek Bull Run where union fighters led by McDowell were sent fleeing back to Washington from Johnstons confederate fighters and in the end was a Confederate victory. Also this battle in the long run did more harm than good to the South cus made them believe it would be easy to beat the North while the North came to the reality that the war was going to be a long and hard fought one.

Led the union volunteer troops and militia or “Grand Army”, thought that they were stronger than confederate so led a quick knockout blow to the Southern capital of Richmond. However troops only made it to Bull Run where they where encountered by General Johnstons confederate forces and sent union soldiers fleeing back to Washington.

earned his name for the firm stand of his men in the First Battle of the Bull Run

With his ability to commanded the union forces in western Virginia he had saved for the Union the area that two years later became the actuall state of West Virginia.

Union warship stopped the British steamer Trent bound for England, two confederate diplomats (James Mason and John Slidell) were removed from the vessel. They were on their way to England and France to seek recognition of the Confederacy by them. Brits outraged felt that U.S. had violated freedom of the seas for neutral vessels, many called for war with the U.S. British troops were rushed to Canada, but Lincoln and SoS Seward recognized this danger and freed the two confederate diplomats allowing them back on their way.  Lincoln realized that if another war came about with the British the union stood no chance against the South so he admitted that the U.S. had acted wrongly and ended the crisis.

Hero of the union led by his supreme common sense and strategy of “Find out where you enemy is. Get at him as soon as you can. Strike him hard as you can, and keep moving.” First victory was led in Tennesse where he used the Southern rivers to his advantage with the naval forces.  Also he Captured Fort Henry, Fort Donelson and Shiloh.

wrote a letter to Grant stating “My only points of doubt were as to your knowledge of grand strategy, and of books of science and history; but i confess your common sense seems to have supplied this.” Perhaps because Grant was not a book soldier but a common sense one.

A battle at Shiloh church where Grants forces were suprised by Albert Johnstons experienced Confederate forces and were driven back to the edge of the river on the first day along with the loss of the confederate leader Johnstons’s life. The next day however Grant did not give up and attacked and drove back confederate troops from the field.  Great number of losses on each side. Here Grant realized it would be a war of exhaustion and in order to win North would have to consume all of the South. (union victory)

Grant with the vital aid of a fleet of ironclad gunboats under Flag officer A.H. Foote captured Fort Henry and opened the Tennessee River all the way to Alabama.

The C.S.S. Virgina or  U.S. frigate Merrimac came out of Norfolk into Hampton Roads to attack union blockading squadron there.  Union Gun shots bounced of the sides of this ship and the U.S. frigate Merrimac defeated union fleet ships such as the Cumberland and Congress and then returned to Norfolk.  The next day the Monitor ship (a union ship) steamed into Hampton Roads and later meeting with the unbeatable Merrimac sent it back to Norfolk. Ending the Southern reign over seas and of navies with wooden ships. (start of navies with ironclads)

A major Union operation launched in southeastern Virginia from March through July 1862, the first large-scale offensive in the Eastern Theater. The operation, commanded by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan, was an amphibious turning movement intended to capture the Confederate capital of Richmond by preventing the Confederate States Army in Northern Virginia.

John Pope took over and replaced General McClellan. But before Pope could march and take Richmond and “end the war” he was attacked by Lee and Jackson at Bull Run. There his trroops were defeated and Pope was spedily removed and his troops were placed again under the control of McClellan. These reverses stirred hatred against Lincoln and admin. and soon enlistments and amount of union war bonds bought dropped.  North started to lose hope in winning.

On September 17, 1862, Generals Robert E. Lee and George McClellan faced off near Antietam creek in Sharpsburg, Maryland, in the the first battle of the American Civil War to be fought on northern soil. Though McClellan failed to utlilize his numerical superiority to crush Lee's army, he was able to check the Confederate advance into the north. After a string of Union defeats, this tactical victory provided Abraham Lincoln the political cover he needed to issue his Emancipation Proclamation. Though the result of the battle was inconclusive, it remains the bloodiest single day in American history, with more than 22,000 casualties.

An executive order issued by United States President Abraham Lincoln during the American Civil War under his war powers. It proclaimed the freedom of 3.1 million of the nation's 4 million slaves, and immediately freed 50,000 of them, with the rest freed as Union armies advanced.

Had twice before been offered command of the Army of the Potomac, after the Peninsula and Second Bull Run Campaigns. Each time he had expressed that he did not feel competent to command such a large force. However, in early November, President Lincoln relieved McClellan and he reluctantly accepted the command. A month later he crossed his army to the south of the Rappahannock River but was defeated at the Battle of Fredericksburg on December 13, 1862. In January 1863, he attempted to launch another offensive campaign, known as the Mud March; poor weather conditions resulted in another failure. President Lincoln relieved him of command and transferred him to the Western Theater.

union leader in the east defeated by Lee in the battle of Chancellorsville in northeastern virginia