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Health Science Midterm #2
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Define volunteer bias.
when participants who
volunteer
for a study,
differ in some systematic manner
compared to those who do not participate
What might cause volunteer bias? (4)
healthier than non-responders
sicker
more interested in research
gender differences
What is a selection bias in literature reviews?
language bias
: when the sample of papers included in the review
excludes studies published in a language other than English
What can we do to fix selection bias (systematic error) (2)?
use
statistical techniques
different
study design
Define information bias.
Introduced when
information
about the
study participants
is
incorrect.
What are the three sources of information bias?
interviewer bias
misclassification of exposure
misclassification of outcome
What is interviewer bias?
introduced by the way in which
study interviewers collect data
on study participants
What is an example of interviewer bias?
an interviewer may obtain information that
supports a certain hypothesis
What causes interviewer bias?
may be caused by
knowledge of the study hypothesis
How can you avoid interviewer bias?
masking interviewers
to the outcome or exposure status
mask interviewers to the study hypothesis
standardized questionnaires
consisting of close ended questions
training
interviewers
What is reporting bias?
participants "collaborate" with interviewers to provide responses that they think the interviewers wants to hear
Define social desirability bias. Give an example.
providing
socially desirabl
e responses
example
: under reporting weekly alcohol intake
What are some things people under-report? (4)
sexual behaviour
alcohol consumption
drug use
weight
How do we minimize selection bias? (3)
study design
eligibility criteria
sample selection
How do we minimize information bias? (2)
Use standardize tools to elicit information
blind interviewers and participants to the study hypothesis
How do you select people in case control studies?
select people who
have the disease of interest
(cases) AND people
who do not
(controls)
How does case control studies measure the level of exposure in each group?
measures
retrospectively
(from past events)
Author
Anonymous
ID
243402
Card Set
Health Science Midterm #2
Description
Health Science
Updated
10/28/2013, 9:58:57 PM
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