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What is the function of carbohydrates (3)
- -source of energy
- -source of fibre
- -structure and protection
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define glycolysis
break down of sugars to produce energy
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define simple carbs
- -are usually found in foods wth fewer nutrients, and tend to be less satisfying and more fattening
- -provides a quick source of energy
- -followed by a lull of low energy
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define complex carbs
- -usually healthy foods, are high in fibre, and contain many other nutrients and minerals
- -they contain nutrients, such as protein and fats, in moderation
- -long sustained energy
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types of simple carbs
- -monosaccharides
- -disaccharides
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define monosaccharides
a single ring sugar unit that is the base molecule for complex carbs
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examples of monosaccharides
- -glucose
- -fructose
- -galactose
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define hexose
a 6 carbon sugar ring
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examples of hexose
- -glucose
- -fructose
- -galactose
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define pentose
a 5 carbon sugar ring
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define disaccharides
sugar containing 2 units that are formed when sugar units are bonded by a glycosidic link
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examples of disaccharides
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define dehydration synthesis
when 2 substances merge together by removing a water molecule
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define hydrolysis
a large molecule breaks apart using a water molecule
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define cellulose (4)
- -tough structure parts of plants
- -major component in the cell wall
- -makes up wood and back
- -fibre in our diets
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define chitin
tough polysaccharide that is made of glucose subunits that have nitrogen functional group attached
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what is the functions of lipids (5)
- -energy storage
- -protect and insulate cells
- -make up membranes
- -dissolves fat-soluble vitamins
- -hormones
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what is the structure of lipids (2)
- -long chains of C, H, O
- -hydrophobic
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