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shanamd2011
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Visual Communication
- Visual information
- Oral communication
- Visual cues
- Speechreading
- Manual communication
- Transmitted via special signs and symbols made with the hands
- ASL, SEE, Finger Spelling, Cued Speech
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Factors relating to Speechreading
- Speaker
- Signal code
- Environment
- Speechreader
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Speechreading Assessment Considerations
- Visual abilities
- Language abilities
- Ex. Congenitally Deaf
- Residual hearing
- Ex. Hard or hearing
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Assessment of Speechreading Ability
Formal tests
- Iowa Sentence Test (1986)
- Utley ST test
- Craig lipreading inventory (1964)
- The Children’s Audiovisual Enhancement Test (2002)
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Advantages of Formal tests over informal tests:
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Assessment of Speechreading Ability
Informal Tests
Sounds, words or sentences
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Advantages of Informal tests over formal tests
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Approaches to Speechreading
- Analytic
- Learning the individual articulator movements
- Synthetic
- Grasping the general idea of communication
Continuous Discourse Tracking (CDT) 1978
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Recent Speechreading Trends
- Incorporates both synthetic and analytic approaches
- Should include some visual-auditory combined situations to help integrate information from both senses
- Computer based programs (CAIV)
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Define Oral Interpretation
An interpreter repeats what is being said by the speaker to the listener at a closer distance making it easier for the listener to speechread
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Manual Communication Examples -4
- American Sign Language
- Signed English Systems
- Finger Spelling
- Cued Speech
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American Sign Language
- A true language which evolves naturally from culture and use
- Produced by hand shapes, position and movement
- Has its own structure and vocabulary
- Thousands of signs
- Iconic signs- close representations of English words
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Signed English Systems
- Seeing Essential English (SEE I)
- Signed Exact English ( SEE II)
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Fingerspelling
- Manual Alphabet
- Spell out verbatim what is being said
- Timely
- Accurate
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Cued Speech
- Talker uses hand cues to simultaneously while speaking
- Reduces viseme and homophene confusion
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