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shmvii
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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cromolyn
a release inhibitor that reduces degranulation of mast cellsit reduces bronchospasm
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terfenadine
type of drug
affect
- H1 receptor antagonist
- antiallergic, lower sedation
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cyclizine
type of drug
affect
- H1 receptor antagonist
- prevents motion sickness, slight sedetion
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cimetidine
type of drug
affect
- H2 receptor antagonist
- reduce gastric secretion but inhibits cytochrome P450 and binds to androgen receptors
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nizatidine
type of drug
affect
- H2 receptor antagonist
- reduce gastric secretion, no side effects
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penicillins
what group?
does what?
- beta-lactam
- bind to specific cell membrane protein (penicillin binding protein - PBP) responsible for synth of bacterial cell wall, INHIBITING CELL WALL SYNTH
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cephalosporins
what group?
does what?
used when?
- beta-lactam (divided in to 1st, 2nd, 3rd generation)
- inhibit bacterial wall growth
- used if penicillin is ineffective
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bacitracin
what type of antibiotic?
does what?
- polypeptide antiobiotics
- inhibits incorporation of amino acids into bacterial cell wall
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aminoglycosides
2 examples?
does what?
effective against what?
- streptomycin, gentomycin
- inhibit bacterial protein synth
- many aerobic gram neg (e-coli) and some gram pos (staph)
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streptomycin and gentamycin are examples of what?
do what?
- aminoglycosides
- inhibit bacterial protein synth
-
erythromycins
do what?
active against what?
especially useful for what pt pop?
- inhibit formation of peptide bonds btwn amino acids ... inhibiting bacterial protein synth
- many gram-pos and some neg bacteria
- pts who are allergic to penicillin
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tetracyclines
active against what?
does what?
used to treat infections relating to _ _ _
- many gram pos and neg bacteria
- inhibit bacterial protein synth
- Chlamydia, Rickettsia, spirochete
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chloramphonicol
is the synthetic option similar to _?
does what?
- erythromycin
- inhibit formation of peptide bonds btwn amino acids (inhibiting bacterial protein synth)
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aminosalicylic acid
does what
used as an adjuct to the primary antitubercular agents _ and _
- inhibits folic acid synth (by inhibiting bacterial DNA/RNA synth)
- izoniazid & riampin
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metronidazole
does what?
effective against what?
- inhibits bacterial DNA/RNA synth and function
- most anaerobic bacteria and certain protozoa
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sulfonamides
do what?
used for treating what?
- inhibit bacterial DNA/RNA synth and function
- urinary tract infections
- (god against a wide variety of gram neg and pos bacteria)
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gama globulins
do what?
block penetration of measles virus (and inhibit adsorption)
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ribavirin
does what?
treats what?
- inhibits intracellular synth for viruses
- active against several RNA and DNA viruses
- used for treating viral pneumonia in infants and kids
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acyclovir
does what?
used against what?
- inhibits intracellular synth of viruses
- herpes-virus infections
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zidovudine
does what (generally)?
specifically?
- inhibits intracellular synth of viruses
- inhibits HIV replication in AIDS pts
-
3 drugs that inhibit intracellular synth of viruses
- ribavirin
- acyclovir
- zidovudine
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rifampin
use?
inhibit assembly and release of viruses, but has not been used in humans
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interferons
general def?
types?
actions of 1st and 2nd types?
- a group of proteins that help normal cells resist infection from some viruses
- alpha beta gama
- antiviral activity and treatment of neoplastic diseases (leukemias, lymphomas)
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amphotericin B
type?
administered how?
treats what?
- antifungal
- slow intravenous infusions
- systemic infections and meningitis caused by Candida Albicans
-
nystatin
type?
primary use? (though has a wide spectrum of activity against various fungi)
- antifungal
- GI fungal infections
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clotrimazole
type?
treats?
administered how?
- antifungal
- Candida infections or athlete's foot
- topically (can't be given systemically bc of toxicity)
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chloroquine
type?
main job?
also fights what?
- anti-protozoal
- prevents and treats malaria
- RA and systemic lupus erithematosus
-
helmints
- parasitic worms
- most common form of disease on the globe
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mebendazole
type?
fights what?
- anti-helmint
- single oral dose use against nematodes
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niclosamide
type?
fights what?
-
acetylsalicylic acid -- aka __
exerts its therapeutic effects by inhibiting __
- aspirin
- synth of endogenous lipid-like compounds - eicosanoides (prostaglandines, thromboxanes, leukotriens) produced by every type of cell except RBCs
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eicosanoides (they're synth is inhbitied by acetylsalicylic acid/aspirin) do what? 4
- increase inflammation
- increase sensitivity of pain receptors
- fever
- cause thrombus formation by increasing platelet aggregation and blood clot formation
-
3 types of drugs to treat RA
- nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory (1st line of defense)
- corticosteroides (such as prednisolone)
- disease-modifying drugs (antimalaric drugs, gold -- they inhibit monocytes and T and B lymphocytes)
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colchicine
treats what?
how?
- gout
- anti-inflamm effect 2/2 inhibition of leukocyte migration and phagocytosis
-
probenecid
treats what?
how?
- gout
- decreases body urate pool
uricosuric agent used to decrease body urate pool by decreasing reapsorption in proximal tubule
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gout description, and 2 drug names
- inflam disease
- char. by episodes of acute arthritis 2/2 deposits of uric acid crystals (hyperuricemia) in joints
- colchicine
- probenecid
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hemostasis
what is it?
4 mechanisms to do this?
- prevention of blood loss
- 1. vascular spasm / constriction
- 2. formation of a platelet plug
- 3. blood clot
- 4. organization or lysis of blood clots
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thrombomodulin
- an important factor in preventing clotting
- it's an antiogagulant substance in the blood
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antithrombin III
- an important factor in preventing clotting
- inactivates thrombin
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heparin
important in doing what?
produced by what?
does what?
- preventing clotting
- mast cells
- increases effectiveness of antithrombin III
-
prothrombin activator
- helps with hemostasis by formation of blood clots
- causes conversion of prothrombin to thrombin
-
what does thrombin do?
causes polymerization of fibrinogen into fibrin fibers --> fibring mesh enmeshing platelets and blood cells to form the clot (vicious circle)
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anticoagulants
describe
name 2
- control the function and synth of clotting factors
- usually for clot formation in venous system to prevent pulmonary embolism
-
heparin
type of drug?
administration
2 specific uses
- anticoagulant
- parenterally administered
- treats venous thrombosis
- helps activity of antithrombin III
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warfarin
type of drug?
administration?
2 specific uses
- anticoagulant
- oral drug
- alters vitamin K metabolism
- impairs synth of some clotting factors
-
antithrombic drugs
description
name 2
- inhibit platelet function, prevent abnormal platelet aggregation in arteries / arterial clots
- aspirin, dipyridamole
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aspirin
type of drug?
role?
- antithrombic
- suppresses platelet aggregation by inhibiting synth of prostaglandins and thromboxanes (A2)
- used in prevention of myocardial and cerebral infarction, mostly in men
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dipyridamole
type of drug?
role?
- antithrombotic
- inhibit platelet aggregation
-
thrombolytic drugs
description
name 2
- facilitate destruction of blood clots
- (do this by converting plasminogen to plasmin which breaks down fibrin clots)
- streptokinase
- urokinase
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common clotting deficiencies are seen in what 2 conditions?
- hemophilia
- deficiencies of vitamin K
-
streptokinase
what kind of drug?
thrombolytic
-
urokinase
what kind of drug?
thrombolytic
-
hemophilia
- hereditary
- caused by deficiency of clotting factor VIII (hemophelia A) or IX (hemophelia B)
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vitamin K deficiency causes clotting deficiency why?
treated how?
- vit K is needed for hepatic synth of clotting factors II, VII, IX, and X
- oral or parenteral admin of the exogenous vitamin
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alkylating agents
what kind of drug?
works how?
- anticancer
- inhibits binding within DNA molecules and prevents DNA function and replication
-
antimetabolites
type of drug?
works how?
- anticancer
- impair biosynth of genetic material -- (by incorporating into the genetic material or by occupying enzymes that synth components of genetic material)
-
antibiotics as anticancer drugs work how?
- act directly on DNA
- it's a special group of toxic drugs special for cancer
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interferons as cancer drugs work how?
peptides used for treatment of leukemias, lymphomas, sarcomas
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3 drugs that inhibit bacterial cell wall synth and function
- penicilins
- cephalosporins
- bacitracin
-
4 drugst that inhibit bacterial protein synth
- aminoglycosides
- erythromycins
- tetracyclines
- chloramphenicol
-
3 drugs that inhibtit bacterial DNA/RNA synth and function
- aminosalicylic acid
- metronidazole
- sulfonamides
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