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2 factors of stratification
- persists over generations
- involves inequality and beliefs
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the multidimentional view of stratification
Composed of wealth and income, prestige and power
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marx on class and capitalism
- defined class in terms of it relationship to production
- benefits of productivity goes to owners, leaving to worker's revolt
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underestimates of stratification
- our culture emphasizes individuality and autonomy
- we tend to interact with people like ourselves
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conflict theory in terms of inequality
inequality is the result of exploitation of others by those with more resources
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contributing factors to the shrinking middle class
- less opportunites for those with little education
- global competition and rapid technological advances
- growing dependance on temporary workforce
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class and difference in terms of politics
higher income people are more likely to vote and join political organizations
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the economic record from 1940 to 1970
- growth that occurred was for those at top
- increased productivity did not mean increased compensation
- fewer middle class jobs created
- financial industry prospered
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factors of deindustrilization
- aging technology made companies vulnerable to global competition
- rise in automation led to cuts in jobs for blue collar workers
- rise in consumer society favored foreign manufacturers
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decline of the union
- strong anti union movement of the 1970s
- viewed as communists during red scare
- temporary workers were not likely to join
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working in America and "scientific management"
- employees hired and fired at will
- no longer are job security and high pensions guaranteed for high productivity
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functionalist perspective on family
meets the need to socialize children and reproduce
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conflict theory on family
- reinforces and supports power relations in society
- physical force or control over economic resources by men
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exchange theory on family
women choose to exchange households and childcare in exchange for men's income and vice versa
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conservative view on family
- stresses marriage and child bearing
- disapproves of cohabitation, single mothers, gay marriage, divorce abortion
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generational belonging
- identification with specific decades, music and culture
- reacts to prior generation and looks at next skeptically
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generational markers
social, technological, economic, political, cultural transmission
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markers of gen X
Vietnam, watergate, mtv
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cultural transmission of gen X
peers and mass media
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values of gen X
desire to balance lives, diversity, motivated by money, embraces personal computer and internet
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values of millenials
globally oriented, exercise, body adornment (self expression)
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consequences of subruban segregation
- political isolation
- linguistic isolation
- poverty concentration
- educational exclusion
- adaption of oppositional culture
- greater health risks
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sacred vs profane
sacred is beyond oursleves, profane is the ordinary, everyday
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manifest function of religion
religion defines spiritual world (stated)
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latent function of religion
providing a social group for unmarried members (hidden purpose)
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four social functions of religion from functionalist perspective
- legitimate social arrangement
- provide social unity
- provide a sense of meaning
- provide a sense of belonging
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conflict theory and religion
- religion serves ruling elites by legitimizing status quo
- religion makes people apathetic to their plight
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symbolic interactionalism and religion
explains the meaning religion holds for people
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