Chemistry Keywords Module 2

A positively charged ion

A shared pair of electrons which has been provided by one of the bonding atoms.

A bond formed by a shared pair of electrons

Electrons that are shared between more than two atoms

The arrangement of electrons in an atom

A measure of the attraction of a bonded atom for the pair of electrons in a covalent bond

The repulsion between electrons in different inner shells. Shielding reduces the net attractive force from the positive nucleus on the outer-shell of electrons.

A 3-D structure of atoms bonded together by strong covalent bonds

A 3-D structure of oppositely charged ions bonded together by strong ionic bonds

A 3-D structure of positive ions and delocalised electrons bonded together by strong metallic bonds.

A vertical column in the Periodic Table. Elements in a group have similar properties and their atoms have the same number of outer electrons

A strong dipole-dipole attraction between an electron-deficient hydrogen atom on one molecule and a lone pair of electrons on a highly electronegative atom on a different molecule

An attractive force between neighboring molecules. Intermolecular force can be van der Waals' forces, permanent dipole-dipole forces or hydrogen bond.

A positively or negatively atom or group of atoms

The electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions

The energy required to remove one electron from each atom in on mole of gaseous atoms to form on mole of gaseous 1+ ions

An outer shell pair of electrons that is not involved in chemical bonding

The electrostatic attraction between positive metal ions and delocalised electrons

A horizontal row of elements in the Periodic Table. Elements show trends in properties across period

A small charge difference across a bond resulting from a difference in electronegativities of the bonded atoms.

A attractive force between permanent dipoles in neighboring polar molecules

A bond with a permanent dipole

A molecule with an overall dipole taking into account any dipoles across bonds.

A number representing the relative overall energy of each orbital, which increases with distance from the nucleus. The sets of orbitals with the same n value are referred to as electron shells or energy levels

A chemical compound formed from an acid, when a H+ ion from the acid has been replaced by a metal ion or another positive ion

A group of atomic orbitals with the same principle quantum number n. Also known as a main energy level.

A 3-D structure of molecules bonded together by weak intermolecular forces

A group of the same type of atomic orbitals within a shell

Very weak attractive forces between induced dipoles in neighboring molecules

Water molecules that form an essential part of the crystalline structure of a compound

A region within a atom that can hold up to two electrons with opposite spins