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charflynt1
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Prokaryotic cells do not have a __________ or membrane bound organelles
true nucleus
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Some bacteria are photosynthetic. True or False
True
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Prokaryotic surface to volume ratio is 20 times greater than in a typical human _____
cell
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Eukaryotic cells include what 4 kingdoms?
Protozoa, algae, fungi, plants
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How many layers surround Gram Negative bacterium?
3
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Most bacterial cell capsules are made of _______
polysaccharides
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In a bacterial cell the periplasm is the
compartment that lies between the outer and cytoplasmic membrane
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Gram-Negative bacteria have an outer cell membrane and are __________to many toxic substances.
resistant
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Clostridium perfringens is Gram___________.
positive
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The cell wall of bacteria is found in Gram negative and Gram ________ bacterium.
positive
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Bacilli are ________shaped.
rod
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Coccu is ________shaped
spherical
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Spirillum is ________shaped.
spiral
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Vibrios are ______shaped.
comma
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A species of Vibrio causes __________.
Cholera
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Mycoplasmas lack a cell wall but do not lyse because they do not contain
turgor pressure
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Pili are _____appendages that allow bacteria to attach to surfaces, bacteria or other cells.
hair-like
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Axial filaments are only found in
Spirochetes
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A bacterial cell is placed in an extracellular environment that has a higher solute concentration compared to its intracellular makeup. Inside the bacterial cell this lowers its turgor pressure, and the cell will_________.
shrink
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Solutions A and B are separated by a membrane permeable to water but not permeable to solutes. If solution A has a solute concentration of 0.5 and solutionn B has a solute concentration of 1.5% , solution B is hypertonic to A and gains water by _________
osmosis.
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B a concentration _______more molecules are found in one region compared to another.
gradient
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The diffusion of water across a membrane is
osmosis
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By ______solid material is engulfed by a cell.
endocytosis
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By ______liquid material is taken in by the cell.
pinocytocis
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_________is the expulsion of material from the cell.
Exocytosis
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Syphillis is caused by a species of _____________.
spirohete (treponema pallidum)
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Toxic shock is caused by strains of ______
staphlococcus
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The most common microbe causing urinary tract infection is__________.
E. Coli
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The sum of all chemical activities that take place within an organism
metabolism
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Aerobic metabolism takes place in the presence of _________
oxygen
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The major nutrient that undergoes catabolism is____________
glucose
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During Glycolysis each glucose molecule starts the process and ends forming 2 molecueles of ______, 2 molecules of ATP, and 2 molecules of NADPH.
pyruvate
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Oxidation is the _____of electrons.
loss
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Reduction is the ________of electrons
gaining
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Anaerobic metabolism takes place __________
in the absence of oxygen.
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Lactic fermentation by bacteria is used to produce _____________ and buttermilk.
yogert
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In alcoholic fermentation with yeast, pyruvate is converted to CO2 and __________.
Ethanol
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In an oxygen consuming cell like E. Coli or human cell, 1 glucose molecule forms ______ATP molecules.
36
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Strains of S. pneumonia lacking a capsule are _______. Strains of S. pneumonia with a thick capsule can be ____to humans.
harmless; fatal
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During Glycolysis, each glucose molecule produces 4 ATP with a net gain of ______ATP.
2
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The 3 steps of cellular respiration:
glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, Electron transport chain
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Main process of Glycolysis
get pyruvate
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Main process during Krebs cycle
reduce NAD and FAD
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When there is lack of oxygen, Pyruvate turns to lactic acid or
ethenol
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Heterotrophic-nutrients from orgainic sources
Autotrophic-make own food thru photosynthesis
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movement of molecules from area of low concentration to high concentration
diffusion
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hypertonic- environment has higher concentration of solultes than its interior.
(may result in ________)
plasmolysis
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Hypotonic-environment has lower concentration of soluutes than cell's interior. May cause cells to _____
lyse (burst)
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equal concentration , no change in water environment
isotonic
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The most resistant bilogical structures known.
Endospores
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Cell wall is made of ______.
Peptidoclycan.
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swim toward favorable concentrations of dissolved oxygen
aerotaxis
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bacteria that sense certain chemical and swim toward regions that contain more nutrients and away from regions with toxic chemicals
chemotaxis
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ATP- adenosene triphosphate
LPS-lipopolysaccharide
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Gram negative bacteria layers around
periplasm
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gram-positive bacteria layer around
cytoplasmic membrane
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