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The flashcards below were created by user
Cait_5
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What is taxonomy?
the practice and science of the classification of things or concepts
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List the major taxons ( biological ranks) in order from largest to smallest.
Kingdom, phylum, class, order, family, genus, species
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What are the two parts of the scientific name and what is the correct way of writing it?
(genus, species)
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What is the difference between radial and bilateral symmetry?
- Radial: the body is constructed across a central axis; do not have a head (ex: starfish, jellyfish)
- Bilateral: body consists of 2 sides that can be divided by a plane and are mirror images of each other; have a head and tail end (ex: most animals)
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What organisms have cells that lack a nucleus?
prokaryotes
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What is meant by the binomial nomenclature, and who is credited for first using it?
- the Latin two part system of naming organisms
- Linnaeus
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What group of protists photosynthesizes?
algae
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The lichen are formed as a result of a relationship between a(n)_____ and a(n) __________.
algae and fungi
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What algae is most similar to the plants?
green algae
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What is the substance extracted from red algae that is used as a growth media for bacteria?
agar
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What are the main features of the fungi?
- eukaryotes
- heterotrophs
- made up of a mass of filaments (hypha) called mycelium
- cell walls contain chitin
- energy stored as glycogen
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Ascomycetes produce spores in _________. Basidiomycetes produce spores on a __________.
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Which algae has silica in its cell walls?
diatoms
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Algae that possess two flagella perpendicular to each other are the __________.
dinoflagellates
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Protozoans which move and engulf food by forming pseudopods are ________.
amoeboids
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Rod-shaped bacteria are called __________. Spherical bacteria are __________.
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Do bacteria reproduce primarily asexually or sexually?
asexually by mitosis
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What organisms represent the bottom (autotrophs) of an aquatic food chain?
phytoplankton
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What type of protozoan is the paramecium?
ciliates
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Are seaweed plants?
no, they are brown algae
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Contrast the habitats of brown and red algae.
- Brown: cold ocean waters
- Red: warm seawater
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What organisms are the primary decomposers of dead plant and animal tissue?
heterotrophic bacteria and fungi
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Contrast the eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells.
- Eukaryotic: have a nucleus and organelles; protists, plants, fungi, and animals
- Prokaryotic: have genetic material but no nucleus or organelles; have ribosomes, plasma membrane, and cell wall; archaea and bacteria
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Organisms that maintain a constant body temperature are called __________.
endotherms
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Name the vertebrate classes that contain birds, sharks, bony fish, lamprey, amphibians and reptiles.
- Birds: Class Aves
- Sharks: Class Chondrichthyes
- Bony Fish: Class Osteichthyes
- Lamprey: Class Agnatha
- Amphibians: Class Amphibia
- Reptiles: Class Reptilia
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What are the four distinguishing features of the chordates?
- Presence or absence of a body cavity (coelem)
- Segmentation
- Natochord
- Pharynx
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What is a distinguishing feature of all mammals?
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In higher animals what does one call the space between the digestive tract and the body wall?
coelom
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What do vertebrates have that invertebrates do not?
backbone/internal skeleton
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What are the two stages in the life cycle of cnidarians?Do cnidarians reproduce sexually or asexually?
- medusa and polyp
- asexually
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What is plankton? phytoplankton?
- plankton: a mixture of different kinds of small animals that drift with the currents and feed on phytoplankton and other zooplankton
- phytoplankton: photosynthetic organisms suspended in water that are an important source of food and oxygen for heterotrophs
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How many pairs of legs and antennae do insects have? arachnids?
- Insects: 3 pair of legs; 1 pair
- Arachnids: 4 pair of legs; none
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What are the three segments of the arthropod body?
head, thorax, abdomen
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What aquatic organisms have a soft body enclosed by a hard shell? Give examples.
- mollusca
- chitons, bivalves, snails, octopus, squid
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Are metabolic rates higher for homeotherms or poikilotherms?
homeotherms, because they use metabolic energy to maintain their constant body temperature
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Are birds and mammals homeotherms or poikilotherms?
homeotherms
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In what type of habitat do amphibians reproduce?
water
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What are chilopods? diplopods?
- chilopods: centipedes
- diplopods: millipedes
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What phylum are the flatworms classified in? What is an example of a free-living flatworm?
- Phylum Platyhelminthes
- a fluke
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The nematodes are __________ worms.
unsegmented roundworms
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What is the largest group (phylum) of animals in terms of the number of species?
Phylum Chordata
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Benthic animals which have spiny skin are the __________. Give examples.
- Echinoderms
- sea urchin, starfish
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Which two types of flatworms are parasitic?
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What is an exoskeleton and which organisms possess it?
- an external skeleton
- arthropods and nematods (unsegmented roundworms)
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Which groups of organisms produce amniotic eggs?
reptiles
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What is the significance of an amniotic egg?
made development on land possible and eliminated the need for a swimming larval stage
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Sugars move down plants through the ______. Water and nutrients move up through the ______.
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Name the parts of a leaf and their function.
- Phloem: vascular tissue; transports amino acids and sugars from leaves to the rest of the plant
- Xylem: vascular tissue; transports water and minerals from soil to leaves
- Stomate: allows water and oxygen to exit the leaves
- Guard Cells: open and close stomata
- Mesophyll: maintains shape
- Epidermis: protects and water preservation
- Cuticle: protects and water preservation
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What is the function of roots?
- anchor the plant
- absorption of water and nutrients from the soil
- store (carbohydrates during winter)
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The most abundant plants are the _______________.
angiosperms (produce seeds; flowers, trees (not evergreen), food crops)
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How do monocots and dicots differ?
- monocots: 1 cotyledon (seed leaves); petals-multiples of 3, sporradic vascular tissue, CANNOT be woody
- dicots: 2 cotyledons; multiples f 4 and 5 petals, uniform vascular tissue; can produce wood
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What are stomates and what is their function?
- openings in the bottom of the leaf
- allow water and oxygen to exit the leaves and allow CO2 to enter to allow photosynthesis; can regulate water loss
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What are the two components of bark?
bark and vascular cambium (cork)
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Contrast pollination and fertilization.
- pollination: pollen touches stigma
- fertilization: eggs meet the sperm
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What are the male and female parts of the flower?
- male- surround pistil--stamens (filament and anther)
- female- in the center--pistil (stigma, style, and ovary)
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What are the components of a seed?
embryo, stored food,, protective outer coating (seed coat)
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What does the ovary of a flower become?
fruit
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Plants which do not produce seed and lack xylem and phloem are the _______________.
moss
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Illustrate the life cycle of plants.
- figure 22.13: fern
- moss 22.4
- angiosperm 22.20
- gymnosperm
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The life cycle of plants alternates between the _____________ and _____________ generations.
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The haploid generation of plants is the ___________________.
gametophyte
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In plants, what is the product of meiosis?
egg and pollen
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In flowering plants, what is the male and female gametophytes and where are they produced?
- male: anther produces pollen which contains the sperm nucleus
- female: ovary produces egg
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Where does fertilization occur in flowering plants?
ovary
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plants lacking xylem and phloem (vascular tissue)
moss
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plants producing seed
angiosperms and gymnosperms
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the flowering plants
angiosperms
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plants producing cones
gymnosperms
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plants that produce fruit
angiosperms
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monocots and dicots are examples
angiosperms
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pine is a _______________.
gymnosperms
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plants having large, conspicuous, green gametophytes
gymnosperms
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members of Phylum Anthophyta
angiosperms
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seedless vascular plants
ferns
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