Micro Lab

Occurs when a microorganism is able to survive exposure to an antibiotic. This may occur by
1)Spontaneous gene mutations, or 2) transferred between bacteria, commonly on plasmids?

Occurs when a microorganisms is able to survive exposure to an antibiotic. This may occur by?

-Appeared in US in 1981

- Transmitted by touch and respiratory droplets.

- Requires barrier protection when infected person in hospital

- Has developed resistance to beta-antibiotics (all-ilans & cephalosporins)

- Can be transmitted fairly easily.

-Located to skin & surface tissue, such as boils.

-Outbreaks reported in prison, among athletic teams, among military recruits, newborns in nurseries

-First appeared in Japan in 1996

-Thickening of bacterial cell wall makes diffusion of vancomycin across more difficult

- First reported in US in 2002

- As of 2010, the CDC reports there are several drugs that are effective in treatment of disease.

- MRSA obtained genes from VRE (below) to become VRSA

- First reported in 1987

- Transmitted by contact of contaminated surfaces or caregivers hands. Not transmitted by coughing or sneezing

- Can be spread rapidly throughout hospital

- Doesn't affect healthy people: affect people already sick or weakened.

-Easily shares Vancomycin resistance genes with other bacteria!!!

-According to the CDC, most ? cases occur in hospitals

- Klebsiella pneumonia and E.Coli are the major mambers of Enterobacteriaceae that can have carbapenams resistance enzymes

- Carbapenams are generally the treatment of last resort for Enterobacteriancae infections (When all else has failed, Carpabenams are used; hold back on use unless absolutely necessary

-Screening patients and communicating at patient transfers is very important, but not currently happening consistently

- Healty people do not get CRE infections. Weak, immunocomprimied, and recovering patients are vulnerable