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kcarson
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
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_____- solid portion of earth; man only accesses surface
lithosphere
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naturally occurring solid inorganic
compound
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most metals exist in this form
mineral
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economically useful source of a metal (usually oxides, sulfides, carbonates)
ore
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waste portion of ore
gangue
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science and technology of extracting and preparing them for use
1. mining
2. concentrating ores
3. reducing metal
4. refining (purifying)
5. alloying – metallic material containing 2 or more elements (steel, brass, etc)
metallurgy
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metallic material containing 2 or more elements (steel, brass, etc)
alloying
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d- and f- orbitals
- size - Lanthanide contraction
- magnetic properties
transition metals
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all electons paired
diamagnetism
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one or more unpaired electrons
paramagnetism
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unpaired electrons interact with neighboring atoms
ferromagnetism
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- multiple oxidation states
- form colored compounds
- conductivity (electrical and thermal)
- flexibility - malleable and ductile
general properties
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delocalization of electrons (electron sea model)
band model (from mo theory)
metallic bonding
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contain central metal atom or ion surrounded by ligands
coordination compounds
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electron pair donating species
ligands
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one donor atom
monodentate
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two donor atoms
bidentate
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more than 1 donor atom (form chelate complexes)
polydentate
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number of atoms directly bonded to the metal
coordination number
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related to coordination number; usually linear, square planar, tetrahedral, or octahefral
geometries
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same chemical formula, different arrangement of atoms
isomers
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different bonds
structural isomers
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different bonding atoms
linkage isomers
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different cpd
coordination isomers
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same bonds, different spatial arrangement
stereoisomers
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cis and trans.
geometric isomers
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enantiomers
optical isomers
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ring structures formed by boding of polydentate ligands to a metal.
example: myoglobin, hemoglobin, chlorophyll, metalloenzymes
biological importance of chelates
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systematic study of the elements and their compounds
descriptive chemistry
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_____ elements differ in properties due to size; form max of 8 electrons on central atom and form multiple bonds better
1st row
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___________________:
O → 49.2%
Si --> 25.7% (silicates)
Al --> 7.00%
Fe --> 4.71%
Ca --> 3.39%
Na --> 2.63%
K ----> 2.40%
Mg --> 1.93%
relative abundance in earth's crust
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most abundant elements in living organisms:
C, H, O, N
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most abundant element in universe;
3 isotopes (1H, 2H, 3H)
hydrogen
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chemistry of _____:
lost electron (H+)
gain electron (H-)
share electron (covalent bond)
hydrogen
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