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Define vector
is a quantity that represents magnitude and directions
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Define displacement
The distance and direction of a body's movement
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Define velocity
the speed and direction of a body's movement
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Define density
- mass per unit of volume
- D=mass/volume
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Define acceleration
the rate of a body's change of velocity
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Define force
- a push or pull on a body
- mass X acceleration
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Define work
what a force acts upon a body and moves it
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Define power
the rate of doing work
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Define moment
- what is created when a force is applied at some distance from an axis or fulcrum, producing rotation about that point
- M=force X distance
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Define potential energy
the ability of a body to do work because of tis position or state of being
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Define kinetic energy
ability of a body to do work because or its motion
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Newton's First Law of Motion
- Law of Equilibrium
- a body at rest tends to remain at res and a body in motion tends to remain in motion in a straight line at a constant velocity unless acted upon by some unbalanced force
- T6 in level unaccelerated flight
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Newtons second Law
- Law of Acceleration
- An unbalanced force acting upon a body produces an acceleration in the direction of the force that is directly proportional to the force and inversely proportional to the mass of the body
- Thrust of a/c is greater than its drag, a/c will accelerate until drag=thrust
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Newton's third law
- Law of Interaction
- for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction
- Rearward force of a a/c propeller's propwash causes an a/c to thrust forward at an equal amount of force
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Define ambient static pressure
- A measurement of the weight of an air column over a specific area
- As altitude increases, there are less particles in a given column of air, thus ambient static pressure is less, because the column of air above you weighs less
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Define temperature
The measure of the average kinetic energy of the air particles
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What law is this formula for?
Pressure=(density)(gas constant)(temperature)
General gas law
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If you _____ temperature but keep density constant, then it follows that pressure must rise.
Increase
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If ______ is kept constant then there is an inverse relationship between density and temperature.
pressure
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Define static pressure
the force that molecules of air exert on each other by their random movement
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Define Dynamic pressure
a measure of impact pressure of a large group of air molecules moving together
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Define total pressure
the sum of static and dynamic pressure
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As the cross-sectional (diameter) are on one side of the tube gets smaller, velocity must _____ so that mass flow remains constant
increase
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Since total pressure is constant for all points in a streamtube, if dynamic pressure _______ at a point then static pressure must _____ at the same point.
increase; decrease
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dynamic pressure over an airfoil in a tube _____ because the fluid velocity _______. Static pressure must ____ at the airfoil surface.
- increase; increase; decrease
- dynamic pressure and fluid velocity are directly related; while static pressure is inversely related
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Define true altitude
the actual height above mean seal level
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Define pressure altitude
height measured above a standard datum plane
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Define density altitude
pressure altitude corrected for temperature deviations form the standard atmosphere
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At hotter temperatures, the air becomes less dense and _____ ____ _____.
density altitude increases
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Define true airspeed
the actual speed at which an aircraft moves through an air mass
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What pressure does the airspeed indicator show?
- dynamic pressure
- Takes total pressure through pitot tube, subtracts static pressure from static ports = dynamic pressure or IAS
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TAS will _______ if IAS is held constant while climbing to a higher altitude.
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Define calibrated arispeed
indicated airspeed corrected for either indicator error, or position errors
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Define equivalent airspeed
calibrated airspeed corrected for compressibility effects
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ICE-T
 - IAS is ≤ CAS which is > EAS but < TAS
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A _____ is a streamlined shape designed to produce lift as it moves through air
airfoil
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Define mean camber line (MCL)
 - line drawn from the leading edge to the trailing edge, halfway between the upper and lower surface of the airfoil
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Define chordline
 - Straight line drawn through leading edge to trailing edge on an airfoil
- Chord is measured from leading edge to trailing edge
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Where is the root chord and tip chord measured?
- Root chord - wing root
- Tip chord - wing tip
- Average chord is average of all chords from wing root to wing tip
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Define camber
 - The curvature of the mean camber line of an airfoil
- Maximum distance between mean camber line and chord line
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Airflow that travels along the span of the wing parallel to leading edge and does not create lift.
Spanwise flow
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Air that flows at right angles to leading edge and produces lift.
Chordwise flow
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Pitch attitude
angle between longitudinal axis and horizon
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Flight path
apparent movement through an air mass
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Relative wind
motion of the air with respect to the motion of the aircraft
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Angle of attack (AOA)
angle between chordline and relative wind
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Angle of incidence
angle between aircrafts longitudinal axis and chordline of wing
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Dihedral angle
upslope or downslope of wings when viewed from the front
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Wingspan
- Distance wingtip to wingtip
- T6 - 33'5"
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Wing loading
ratio of an aircrafts weight to the surface area of the wings
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Wing taper
- reduction in the chord for a given airfoil from root to tip
- provides reduced weight, increased structural stiffness
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Aspect ratio
- the ratio of wingspan to the average chord
- Glider- high aspect ration; fighter- low aspect ratio
- T6 - 35:1
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The point where all aerodynamic forces are acting.
- aerodynamic center/ center of lift
- typically aft of aircrafts CG to provide longitudinal stability around the lateral (pitch) axis
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