LECTURE 18

Adult female : takes blood from host and mates ⇒lays eggs ⇒eggs develop into larvae quests for hosts feed and drop off⇒larvae develop into nymphs quests for host feed and drop off ⇒nymphs develop into adults quest for a host 

all intermediate hosts are different and unknown.

• Parasites have several different life cycles.
• Different life cycles have different hosts
• It is often difficult to match the appropriate nymph to the adult

• Ticks have often chosen koalas as adults their host
• The impact seems to be if there is a high tick infestation then the koala is anemic
• But if the infestation is low there is minimal effect
• tick population is highly seasonal

dult female : takes blood from koala host and mates ⇒lays eggs ⇒eggs develop into larvae quests for hosts feed and drop off⇒larvae develop into nymphs quests for host feed and drop off ⇒nymphs develop into adults quest for a koala host all intermediate hosts are different and unknown.

• 1/5 of the invertebrates are endangered 
• habitat damage and fragmentation causes the most imack
• I.e cockroaches although they are key to the habitat as they are nutirent cyclers 
• due to  habitat loss and fragmentation causes decline in their species
• some effects : loss of forest and fire and patchiness

They compared populations of cockroaches in large intact forests and small fragmented and found out that the genetic structure of the two populations vary dramatically.

• The eltham copper butterfly lays eggs on the bursaria shrub , here the ants feed on the secretions of the caterpillar which inturn get protection by ants from the leaches it feeds on.
• Threats : isolation patchiness prevents easy colonisation
• habitat destruction bursaria bush destroyed
• fire kills population 
• pests rabbits feed on bursaria

• Wetas are the largest insect in the world and are endemic to NZ
• It  was very endangered due to the 
• introduced predators
• habitat destruction 
• habitat disturbance
• they are doing very well in captivity

• very old flightless nocturnal creatures
• due to rats lord how phasmid almost became extinct
• but they were rediscovered in Balls pyramid