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Describe the world of amphibia in particular anura
- Three orders in the amphibia :
- Anura (frogs and toads)
- order Caudata newts & salamanders
- order Gymnophiona caecilians
- Most lay eggs without shells , water dependent and glandular skin
- Anura : 4 families southern frog, tree frog,tiny tree frog,true frog
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Describe Myobatrachidae : Southern frogs
- Many are burrowing
- some are fully aquatic others terrestrial
- i.e Banjo frog common in south east Asia makes a bonk sound
- Turtle fog: strictly terrestrial no acquatic phase found in termite mounds or burrows
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Describe Halidae :
- world wide species but nest in oz and s.america
- typically water dependent mode of reproduction
- adapted to extreme arid zones and rain forest
- Lironia : tinny , flat , but sound big
- cycloriana : in arid zones, cocoons itself in its skin, only comes out to breed if rain is heavy enough to penetrate soil can old excessive amounts of water in bladder
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Tiny tree frogs
- typical northern Australia distribution
- 1-3 cm
- direct development no tadppoles
- less diverse
- can live in trees
- i.e nursery frog : lays eggs in moist solid under rocks , eggs coated in an anti-fungal agent, tadpole develops in egg froglet hatches out
- rare and restricted distribution
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Describe ranidae
- most successful frog
- native to png
- and aus
- wood frog /water frog found in rain forest in dense vegetation
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bufonidae
- cane toads
- introduced
- lay enormous batches of eggs
- poisonous glands
- frog , tadpole , egg are all poisonous: milky poison released by glands behind eyes
- no suckers
- skin dry
- heavy built
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Distribution of frogs
- Myobatrachidae : Gondwanan
- Halidae: gondwanan
- Mycrohalidae: asian
- Ranidae: asian (recent)
- Bufonidae: introduced
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Reproduction
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why are frogs in trouble
- climate change
- habitat loss/ fragmentation
- disease chytrid
- fungus
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What do gastric brooding frogs do
- females lay eggs ad swallows them , they then grow in the
- stomach and then pop out of her mouth
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