Skeletal System

• ~Framework
• ~Protection of internal organs
• ~Levers for movement
• ~Produce blood cells
• ~Store calcium

206

• Axis - main trunk of the body
• skull, spinal column, ribs, breastbone

• Appendages  -extremities
• shoulder girdle, arms, pelvic girdle, legs

protect the brain

surrounds the brain

upper jaw

lower jaw

areas where cranial bones join together

air spaces in the cranial bones

tiny holes in bones that allow passage of nerves and blood vessels

protect spinal cord; support head + trunk

26

7 vertebrae found in the neck

12 vertebrae found in the upper back

5 vertebrae found in the lower back

tailbone

cartilage found between the vertebrae in the spinal column

protects <3 and lungs

• 12 pairs
• connected to the sternum and the vertebrae by cartilage

top 7 pairs - attached individually to the sternum

• bottom 5 pairs
• ~first 3 attach to cartilage of rib #7
• ~bottom 2, known as floating ribs, have no anterior attachment; only dorsal attachment to vertebrae

breastbone

inferior end of sternum

collar bones

shoulder blades

lateral bone of lower arm

medial bone of lower arm

upper arm

wrist bones

palm of hand

fingers and toes

superior end of pelvic girdle

inferior end of pelvic girdle

where hip bones form a fixed joint at anterior midline

larger holes in bones that allow passage of blood vessels + nerves

thigh

knee cap

medial bone of lower leg; shin

lateral bone of lower leg

ankle bones

instep or arch of foot

heel

end of bone

shaft of bone

cushions end of bones at joints

produces red blood cells

contains red marrow

cavity in the diaphysis

hard part of the bone

membrane that lines the medullary canal

fat cells

membrane that covers bone, site of new bone growth

sires where two or more bones join together

connect bones to bones

connect muscles to bones

thin but very tough connective tissue that covers every muscle and organ

freely moveable (ball and socket, hinge, pivot, gliding)

slightly moveable (vertebrae, symphysis pubis, sacroiliac joints)

immovable (cranium)

degeneration/hypertrophy of bone and erosion of the cartilage at a joint

autoimmune; inflammation of connective tissues at a joint

bones become brittle and weak

break or crack in bone

process of putting bone back into its proper alignment

reduction using cast or splint to maintain position til fracture heals

surgical repair of bone; often involves pins, plates, implanted devices

separation of a bone from its normal position at a joint

soft tissue injury at a joint

radioactive material is ingested and machine scans body

removal of excess fluid from a joint with a needle

needle is used to extract small amount of bone marrow for microscopic examination

visual examination of a joint using a special instrument that contains a light and a camera