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What are the 3 common postop respiratory complications and what do they include?
- Airway obstruction: tongue falling back, retained thick secretions, laryngospasm, laryngeal edema
- Hypoxemia: atelectasis, pulmonary edema, pulmonary embolism, aspiration, bronchospasm
- Hypoventilation: depression of central respiratory drive, poor respiratory muscle tone, mechanical restriction, pain
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Manifestations & Interventions:
tongue falling back
Use of accessory muscles, snoring respirations, decreased air movement
Patient stimulation, chin lift, jaw thrust, artificial airway
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Manifestations & Interventions:
retained thick secretions
noisy respirations, coarse crackles
Suctioning, IV hydration, chest physical therapy, deep breathing and coughing
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Manifestations & Interventions:
Laryngospasm
Inspiratory stridor, sternal retraction, acute respiratory distress
O2, corticosteroids, IV muscle relaxant, lidocaine, positive pressure ventilation
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Manifestations & Interventions:
Laryngeal edema
Inspiratory stridor, sternal retraction, acute respiratory distress
O2, antihistamines, corticosteroids, sedatives, possible intubation
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Manifestations & Interventions:
Atelectasis
↓ breath sounds, ↓ O2 sat
Humidified O2, deep breathing, IS, early mobilization
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Manifestations & Interventions:
Pulmonary edema
↓ O2 sat, crackles, infiltrates on chest x-ray
O2 therapy, diuretics, fluid restriction
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Manifestations & Interventions:
Pulmonary embolism
Acute tachypnea, dyspnea, tachycardia, hypotension, ↓ O2 sat, bronchospasm
O2 therapy, cardiopulmonary support, anticoagulant therapy
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Manifestations & Interventions:
Aspiration
Unexplained tachypnea, bronchospasm, ↓ O2 sat, atelectasis, interstitial edema, alveolar hemorrhage, respiratory failure
O2 therapy, cardiac support, antibiotics
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Manifestations & Interventions:
Bronchospasm
wheezing, dyspnea, tachypnea, ↓ O2 sat
O2 therapy, bronchodilators
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