Equine Physiology

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  1. What is exercise?
    any movement or activity
  2. What is training?
    • a long-term process of repeated bouts of exercise that improves fitness
    • (conditioning)
  3. What is an exercise response?
    a short- term adaptation that increases heart rate and temperature
  4. What is a training response?
    a long-term adaptation that increases the number of capillaries around muscle fibers
  5. What are the four purposes of a training program?
    • increase exercise capacity
    • increase time to onset of fatigue
    • improve overall performance
    • decrease risk of injury
  6. What systems are involved in exercise?
    • respiratory
    • cardiovascular
    • muscoskeletal
  7. What occurs in the body systems when a horse performs exercise?
    • oxygen uptake
    • transferred to blood
    • transferred to muscles
    • expelled as CO2
  8. What is the cellular energy source?
    ATP
  9. Why do muscles need ATP?
    for contraction and relaxation (fuel the muscle)
  10. Can ATP be stored?
    no
  11. How can metabolism regenerate ATP?
    ADP + Pi (phosphate)
  12. What is needed to regenerate ATP?
    fuel
  13. What are the 3 sources of fuel to make ATP?
    • phosphate stores (cell)
    • carbohydrate stores (glycogen)
    • fat stores (fat tissue)
  14. Can all 3 sources of fuel be used to make ATP at the same time?
    yes but different types of work favor different types of fuel
  15. How are muscle fibers classified?
    various types of work
  16. What color are Type I fibers?
    red
  17. Are Type I fibers aerobic or anaerobic?
    aerobic
  18. What does the color of muscle fibers show?
    amount of mitochondria
  19. Describe Type I fibers.
    • slow twitch
    • sustained work at slow speeds
    • less power but more resistant to fatigue
  20. What do Type I fibers rely on?
    • fats
    • glycogen
  21. Are Type IIA fibers aerobic or anaerobic?
    both
  22. Describe Type IIA fibers?
    • fast twitch
    • stronger contraction
    • more power than Type I
    • faster speeds, more intense efforts
    • used when switching between slow and very fast
  23. What do Type IIA fibers rely on?
    • mostly glycogen
    • some fats
  24. What are Type IIA fibers used for?
    activities like jumping
  25. What color are Type IIB fibers?
    white
  26. Describe Type IIB fibers.
    • fast twitch
    • most powerful but easily fatigued
    • intense or explosive efforts
  27. What do Type IIB fibers rely on?
    • mostly glycogen
    • some phosphate stores
  28. What do Type IIB fibers produce?
    lactic acid
  29. Are Type IIB fibers aerobic or anaerobic?
    anaerobic
  30. What type of work is associated with aerobic pathways?
    • light work
    • trail riding
  31. What type of work is associated with anaerobic pathways?
    • competitive events
    • rodeo events
    • jumping

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Author:
 alyssau12
ID:
 247676
Filename:
 Equine Physiology
Updated:
2013-11-19 00:44:48
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test 3
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