Filters blood and reabsorbs water and nutrients-excretes what it doesn't need in the form of urine
Ureters are made up of
Paristaltic smooth muscle
_________ is a rare anomaly that may be associated with a variety of other congenital malformations. It results from a failure of the embryonic renal bud or renal vascular system to form.
Renal agenesis (solitary)
________ is when there are extra kidneys
Supernumerary kidney
_______ often appears as a miniature replica of a normal kidney, with good function and a normal relationship between the amount of parenchyma and the size of the collecting system.
Hypoplastic kidney
Abnormally positioned kidneys (_________) may be found in various locations
ectopic kidney
When a kidney is bigger than normal it is termed
Hyperplastic
A common type of fusion anomaly. Both kidneys are malrotated and their lower poles are joined by a band of normal renal parenchyma.
Horseshoe kidney
____________ is a cystic dilation of the distal ureter near its insertion into the bladder. Found almost exclusively in children and infants. and associated with ureteral duplication
Ureterocele
________ appears as a round or oval density surrounded by a thin radiolucent halo representing the wall of the prolapsed ureter and the mucosa of the bladder (cobra head sign)
Ureterocele
________ is the most common of all bacterial infections of the urinary tract
UTI
_________ is a nonsupportive inflammatory process involving the tufts of capillaries that filter the blood within the kidney. It represents an antigen-antibody reaction that most commonly occurs several weeks after an acute upper respiratory or middle ear infection
Glomerulonephritis
_______ is a supportive inflammation of the kidney and renal pelvis caused by pyogenc (pus forming) bacteria. Effects interstitial tissue between the tubules.
Pyleonephritis
The urographic hallmark of ________ is patchy calyceal clubbing, with over lying parenchymal scarring. Blunting of the calyces
Pyelonephritis
Inflammation of the bladder is termed
cystitis
In ultrasound cystitis shows as a
In a cystogram it shows as
thickened wall
Irregular filling
When a calculus takes up the whole renal pelvis and looks like the horns of a deer it is termed
Staghorn calculi
______ are the most common unifocal masses of the kidney.They are fluid filled and usually unilocular, although septa sometimes divide them into chambers
Simple renal cysts
What is the modality of choice for distinguishing fluid filled simple cysyts from solid mass lesions?
Ultrasound
__________ an inherited disorder in which multiple cysts of varying size cause lobulated enlargement of the kidneys and progressive renal impairment, which presumably results from cultic compression of nephrons
Polycystic kidney disease
What is another word for obstruction in urography?
Hydronephrosis
_________ is the most common renal neoplasm
Renal cell carcinoma
________ is the most common abdominal neoplasm of infancy and childhood. Arises from embryonic renal tissue, it may be bilateral, and it tends to become very large and appear as palpable mass.
Wilm's tumor (nephroblastoma)
Bladder carcinoma is usually found in the _______ and appears on a cyst as a
trigone
filling defect
________ refers to a rapid deterioration in kidney function that is sufficient to result the accumulation of nitrogen-containing wastes in the blood
Acute renal failure
If a patient cannot take contrast because of a risk of renal failure ______ can be used