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Feoderati
rights of settlement in exchange for military service
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Romulus Augustulus
Western Roman Empire collapsed after he was over in 476
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Serf
Peasant farmers who were tied to the land
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Manor
was the estate of lord and his dependent serfs
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Vassal
bestowed land to the feudal overlord
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Fief
essentially the land that the vassal bestowed too
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Scutage
vassals paid their way out of military service through payment known as scutage.
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Clovis
made franks the most powerful people of Europe.
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Donation of Pippin
Pippin gave land to the church in 756
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missi dominici
Royal agents of the king
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Alcuin
Scholars that preserved Greek and Roman knowledge. Founded Charlemagnes palace school
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Bede
was one of great scholars of the middle ages, popularized the B.C/A.D dating system
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Anno Domini (A.D)
In the year of the Lord, Happened before and after Christ
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Treaty of Verdun
Partition of the empire in 843, Charles received France and Louis got Germany.
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College of cardinals
Chose the popes
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Lay investiture
appointment of bishops and other church officials by secular rulers
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Concordant of worms
They settled the Investiture Controversy
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Mohammad
merchant who married a rich widow
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Islam
teachings from Quran (submission to God)
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Quran
teachings that Mohammed preached to the people of mecca (holy book of islam)
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Sunni-
supported the Umayyad faction, and looked at Quran for ultimate authority.
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Shiites
Supporters of Ali and Abbasid faction, claimed that Mohammed had given divine knowledge to the descendants of Ali.
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Summa Theologica
Book about Aritotles logic and Christian theology, written by *St. Thomas Aquinas.
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Domesday book
used to centralize royal power
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Exchequer
Henry I established a Royal bureau of finance, to keep track of income
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Magna Carta
Signed by john and curbed the power of English kings and stated that the king was also subject to the law
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Boniface VIII
forbidden the clergy to pay any tax to a lay ruler.
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Avignon
Capitol church moved from Rome to Avignon by clement V
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The Great Schism
When pope Gregory XI brought the papacy back to Rome and Italian mob demanded that College of Cardinals elect an Italian pope
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*Johann Gutenberg
Advent of printing press
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*Indulgences
remission of priest imposed penalties for sins
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*Predestination
When god decided ahead of time who would be saved
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Primary obligation a vassal owed his lord
Military Service
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The battle of Poitiers
Pippins IIs son Charles Martel defeated the Muslims
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Creation of The Papal States
Land given to the pope
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Rules followed at the monastery of Cluny
Stood for reform of abuses, high religious standards, and sound economic management.
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Settlement of the Investiture Controversy
Concordant of Worms settled it and emperor could veto his choice by refusing the bishops oath of loyalty.
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Ultimate victors of investiture Controversy
German Princes
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Urban II
Centralized church government.
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Dante Alighieri
Divine Comedy is an imaginary journey through Hell, Purgatory, and Heaven.
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Chaucer
wrote the Canterbury Tales which criticizes the worldly interests of the English of the fourteenth century
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Duties of sheriffs in Norman England
Enforcing the law, collecting taxes and raising an army at the kings request
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Henry II and the development of common law
relied on precedent decisions made in previous cases making it to be more flexible
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The Model Parliament of 1295
Made up of the great barons and major clergy
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Importance of the conciliar movement
stressed that the role of the pope was to maintain the unity and well being of the church
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Demographics of the Black Death
1.4 Million died about 25%
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Reactions of people to the plague
resorted to flagellation, the mutilation of the body as a sign of repentance of sin and some tried to moderate and temperate life.
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Primary reason(s) for French failure in the Hundred Years War prior to 1415
Internal disunity and mediocre leader
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The most formidable of weapons used in the Hundred Years War
English Longbow
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Reasons Joan of Arc was able to reverse French fortunes on the battlefield
England was exhausted
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Reasons Joan of Arc was executed
burned her as a heretic and a witch in 1431
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*Luthers beliefs about salvation -
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Methods the Catholic Counter-
Reformation used to combat the Protestant Reformation
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476 A.D
when Romulus augustulus was overthrown
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