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what is catheterization of the urinary bladder
what is cystography
- refers to the insertion of a plastic silicone or rubber tube through the urethral meatus into the urinary bladder
- is the radiography of the bladder
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what is retrogorade pyelogram
what are ureteral stents
- requires a catheter placed at the ureters for a non function radiograph of the kidneys
- catheters from the kidney to the bladder
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why is catheterization performed
- to drain
- instill contrast for pathological findings
- post surgery
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the bladder is considered to be _____
sterile b/c it is easily infected
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what are two types of catheters
explain both
- indwelling and straight catheter
- indwelling is a catheter which is inserted and left in place to allow continous drainage of urine (most commonly used in radiolgy)
straight is used to obtain a specimen or to empty the bladder and then removed
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how long is a male and female catheter
male 16-20 ft female 14-16ft
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which catheter has a double lumen w/ an inflatable ballon at one end
which has a single lumen no balloon
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before removing an indwelling catheter remember to ______
deflate the balloon
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what is the size catheter for a 5 year old and an infant -3 yr old
- 5 yrs - 5-8ft catheter
- infnat - 3yrs - 5ft feeding tube or smaller
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how can catheters cause injury
repeated use back and forth movement in the urethra
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the drainage bag of the catheter must be kept where and why
what can result if urine is back flowed
- below the level of urinary bladder
- to maintain gravity flow and prevent contamination due to back flow of the urine
- UTI
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what is a suprapubic catheter
when is it used
- a catheter placed directly into bladder through abdominal incision
- it is used after gynecological surgeries, urethral injries, prostatic obstruction, incontinence or bladder control
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which catheter has a long term method of bladder drainage and facilitate normal urination after surgery
suprapubic catheter
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a condom catheter is externally applied and used for who?
males
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cystography is used with a _____
what does it diagnose
- fluroscope
- the urinary bladder is visualized as it fills with contrast media and empties
- pathological changes in the bladders function, such as tumours, trauma or vesicouretral reflux due to incompetent uretral valves
- also demonstrates anatomic changes in the bladder floor the posterior urethrovesical angle and the angle of the urethra in female patients when stress is applied to the bladder
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what is autonomic dysreflexia
what are the symptoms
- occurs in patients who are paralyzed
- a stimulus such as full rectum or an overdistended bladder creates an exaggerated response by the sympathetic nervous system
patient may complain of sudden severe headache resulting from hypertension. Other systems are sweating and flushing of the face while other parts of the body are cold, tachycardia nad bradycardia
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a radiographic pyleogram will not show what?
renal function
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why is a retrograde pyelogram performed
- radiographic technique used to visualize the proximal ureters and the kidneys after injection of an iodinated contrast agent through the ureter
- it is done with a scope by a urologist
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