Chemistry Chapter 5

• Can lose or gain one electron
• discovered by Cavendish

colorless, odorless, tasteless gas

• active
• diatomic
• can react with metals to form metallic hydrides

• most abundant element
• ammonia
• fuel cells
• "rocket" fuel

Physical Properties- light, soft, shiny, conduct electricity well

Chemical Properties- most reactive metals, eager to lose outer electron, never occur naturally, more reactive going down the table

• Na: human body
• K: human body, fertalizers

Physical Properties: heavier, harder, less shine

Chemical Properties: less reactive, have two electrons

• Mg: light alloy, lighting
• Ca: bones, construction
• Mg and Ca ions: make "hard water"

Physical Properties-  most heavy and hard, shine, conduct electricity well, typical metals

Chemical Properties- building, electricity, decoration, human body, paints.

Physical Properties- Paramagnetic

Chemical Properties-  known mainly for radioactivity rather than chemical

industry, nuclear fission, splitting in bombs and power plants

Physical Properties- light to fairly heavy, some shiny and dull, some conduct electricity

Chemical Properties- range from Al to lead

• aluminum alloys
• construction

• Have properties of metals and nonmetals
• Physical Properties- shine, conduct electricity, but not well

Chemical Properties- not very active

• arsenic- poison, medicine
• silicon- computer chips
• base of mineral world

• high strength and low density
• Cant be found pure in the earth
• it resists corrosion
• it corrodes rusts only one layer thick; it doesn't flake off like iron does

discovered Nitrogen which is colorless, odorless gas

nitrogen is relatively invert bonded nicely in pairs.

• Greek for light bearer
• yellow, red, or black solid
• too reactive to be found pure
• used in fertilizer

3/4ths of the earth's atmosphere, ammonia, smog, "laughing" gas

• Discovered by Priestly 
• very reactive forms oxides
• uses- 1/5th of the worlds atmosphere 50% of world's crust, combustion, life, rust

• diatomic
• ozone

• founded in upper atmosphere 
• blocks uv rays
• also forms near lightning

• known since Old testament times as brimstone
• yellow solid has several forms
• reactive, forms sulfides

Sulfuric acid and acid rain

• Physical properties- varied from light to dark colored going down the table
• odor
• Chemical properties- most reactive
• wants to gain electrons

• F: teeth
• Cl: pools, bleach
• I: Thyroid gland

• colorless gas
• almost inert have 8 valence
• uses- He: balloons, deep sea diving
• Ne, Kr, Xe: Lighting