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Olfactory nerve (CN1)
- Path: Olfactory nerve/ nasal mucosa in roof of nasal cavity / cribiform plate / olfactory bulb / frontal and temporal lobe
- Fiber types: special afferent (SA) - smell
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Optic nerve (CN2)
- Path: Optic nerve / ganglion cells in retina / optic canal of sphenoid / optic chiasm / thalamus
- Fiber types: Special afferent (SA) - sight
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Oculomotor nerve (CN 3)
- Path: Oculomotor nerve / brainstem / superior orbital fissure / specific targets
- Fiber types: General somatic efferent (GSE). General visceral efferent (GVE)
- Targets (GSE): Levator pappebrae superioris, superior rectus, inferior rectus, medial rectus, inferior oblique
- Targets (GVE): Ciliary ganglion --> sphincter papillae muscles, ciliary muscles
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Trochlear Nerve (CN 4)
- Path: Trochlear nerve / brainstem / thalamus / superior orbital fissure / superior rectus
- Fiber types: General somatic efferent (GSE)
- Targets: superior oblique
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Opthalmic nerve (CN V1)
- Path: Trigeminal nerve / pons / trigeminal sensory root / trigeminal ganglion / opthalmic nerve / superior orbital fissure / targets (divisions)
- Fiber types: General somatic afferent (GSA)
- Targets (Divisions): supraorbital nerve (supraorbital foramen), infratrochlear nerve, lacrimal nerve, supratrochlear nerve, external masseter nerve
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Maxillary nerve (CN V2)
- Path: Trigeminal nerve / pons / trigeminal sensory root / trigeminal ganglion / Maxillary nerve / foramen rotundum / inferior orbital fissure
- Fiber type: General somatic afferent (GSA)
- Targets (Divisions): zygomaticotemporal, zygomaticofacial, infraorbital nerve (infraorbital foramen)
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Mandibular nerve (CN V3)
- Path: Trigeminal nerve / pons / trigeminal sensory root / trigeminal ganglion / mandibular nerve / foramen ovale / targets
- Fiber types: General somatic afferent (GSA). Special efferent (BE)
- Divisions:
- Meningeal branch (GSA)
- Nerve to medial pterygoid (BE)
- Anterior trunk: Masseteric nerve (BE), Deep temporal nerves (BE), Nerve to lateral pterygoid (BE), Buccal nerve (GSA)
- Posterior trunk: auriculotemporal nerve (GSA), inferior alveolar nerve (GSA), Lingual nerve (GSA)
- Inferior alveolar nerve: mental nerve (GSA), nerve to mylohyiod (BE)
- Targets (Mastication): Temporalis muscle, mastoid muscle, medial pterygoid muscle, lateral pterygoid muscle
- Targets: Tensor tympani, Tensor veli palatini
- Targets (inframandibular): mylohyoid, anterior belly of digastric
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Abducent nerve (CN 6)
- Path: Abducent nerve / brainstem / thalamus / superior orbital fissure / lateral rectus muscle
- Fiber types: general somatic efferent (GSE)
- Targets: Lateral rectus muscle
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Facial Nerve (CN 7)
- Path: Facial nerve / brainstem / thalamus / internal acoustic meatus / geniculate ganglion / divides into branches
- Fiber types: General visceral efferent (GVE), special Efferent (BE), Special afferent (SA - taste), General somatic afferent
- Branches and targets:
- Greater petrosal nerve (GVE) - lacrimal gland and mucous gland of nasal cavity
- Nerve to stapedius (BE) - stapedius muscle
- Chorda tympani (SA taste) - anterior 2/3 of tongue
- GSA - internal and external ear
- Facial (BE) - temporal branch, zygomatic branch, buccal branch, marginal mandibular branch, cervical branch
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Vestibulocochlear nerve (CN 8)
- Path: vestibulocochlear nerve / brainstem / thalamus / internal acoustic meatus / splits
- Fiber types: Special afferent (SA)
- Branches and targets:
- cochlear nerve - organs of hearing
- vestibular nerve / vestibular ganglion / superior/inferior part - organs of balance
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Glossopharyngeal nerve (CN 9)
- Path: glossopharyngeal nerve / medulla oblongata / jugular foramen / splits
- Fiber types: General visceral afferent (GVA), General somatic afferent (GSA), General visceral efferent (GVE), Special Afferent (SA - taste), Special efferent (BE)
- Branches and targets:
- GVA – carotid body and sinus
- GSA – sensory input from posterior 1/3 of tongue, oral cavity, mucosa of middle ear
- GVE – parotid gland
- SA – taste from posterior 1/3 of the tongue
- BE - stylopharyngeus muscle
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Vagus nerve (CN 10)
- Path: vagus nerve / medulla oblongata / jugular foramen / splits
- Fiber types: General visceral afferent (GVA), General somatic afferent (GSA), General visceral efferent (GVE), Special Afferent (SA - taste), Special efferent (BE)
- Branches and targets:
- GVA – parts of the laryngopharynx, parts of the ear, posterior dura
- GSA – changes in BP, changes in blood chemistry, thoracic viscera, abdominal viscera
- GVE – pharynx, larynx, heart, lungs, viscera of foregut and midgut
- SA – taste from epiglottis, taste from pharynx
- BE – palatoglossus muscle, larynx, all muscles of the palate except 1, all muscles of the pharynx except 1
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Accessory nerve (CN 11)
- Path1: Motor path - C1-C5 / foramen magnum / accessory nerve proper / jugular foramen
- Path 2: Sensory path - medulla oblongata / jugular foramen
- Fiber types: general somatic efferent (GSE)
- Targets: trapezius, sternocleidomastoid
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Hypoglossal nerve (CN 12)
- Path: hypoglossal nerve / medulla oblongata / hypoglossal canal / targets
- Fiber types: General somatic efferent (GSE)
- Targets: intrinsic muscles of the tongue, genioglossus, hypoglossus, styloglossus
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