Development of breasts in males is similar to that of females up until puberty (True/False).
True
Define Gynecomastia:
Abnormal hypertrophy of the male breast tissue
What are the etiologies of Gynecomastia?
Idiopathic, Paraneoplastic syndrome, abnormal increase in estrogen, drug therapy and Klinefelter’s syndrome
What are the symptoms of gynecomastia?
Bilateral breast enlargement with tenderness
What are drugs that are exogenous estrogen sources that may cause gynecomastia?
Phytoestrogens and Digitalis
What drugs enhance estrogen secretion, potentially causing gynecomastia?
Gonadotropins and Clomiphene
What drugs can cause Gynecomastia by inhibition of testosterone?
Spirolactone, Cimetidine, Ketoconazole and Alkylating agents
What drugs can cause Gynecomastia by unknown effects?
Finasteride, Isoniazid, Methyldopa, TCAs, Diazepam, Omeprazole, CCBs, ACEIs and Marijuana/Heroin
How is Gynecomastia treated?
Discontinue causative agent, resolve underlying endocrine disorder and surgical excision of breast tissue
What is Lipomastia?
False gynecomastia when fat stores replace muscle (often in older men)
Describe the symptoms of Breast Cancer:
Unilateral, non-tender mass, rare to have pain, discharge form nipples or skin changes
Which disorder is painful: Gynecomastia, Lipomastia or Breast Cancer?
Gynecomastia
Which disorder has unilateral breast changes: Gynecomastia, Lipomastia or Breast Cancer?
Breast Cancer
Which disorder includes loss of muscle tissue: Gynecomastia, Lipomastia or Breast Cancer?
Lipomastia
What percent of cancers in men are testicular?
1%
Testicular cancer is common in what age group?
Young men
Testicular cancer is the most common cancer in young men between what ages?
15-35
Testicular tumors have a high or low degree of malignancy?
High
In the early stages, what are the symptoms of testicular cancer?
Asymptomatic
What are the symptoms of Testicular cancer?
Change in feel of testicle, feeling of fullness of the scrotum, accumulation of blood/fluid in the scrotum, aching lower abdomen/scrotum, rare: breast tenderness
Why might men with testicular cancer have breast tenderness?
Due to an increase in Human Chorionic Gonadotropin
What are the risk factors for testicular cancer?
Cryptorchidism, Previous CA or contralateral testis, mumps orchitis, inguinal hernia, hydrocele
Define Cryptorchidism:
Failure of testes to descend into scrotum
Defien Mumps orchitis:
enlarged, inflamed testes from mumps
What percent of mumps infection in men will result in Mumps orchitis?
25%
What percent of Mumps orchitis are bilateral, painful and tender?
33%
After Mumps orchitis infection resolves, what happens to the testes?
Return to normal or atrophy
What is Hydrocele?
Collection of serious fluid in the scrotal sac
What is the success rate of early treated testicular cancer?
90%
How is testicular cancer treated?
Orchiectomy, Chemotherapy and Radiation
What drugs are used for Chemotherapy treatment of Testicular Cancer?
Etoposide, Cisplatin, Bleomycin
In what age group is it important to perform a monthly testicular exam?
15-35 years
Testicular cancer occurs in one or both testes?
Usually one
How do you perform a testicular exam?
When testes are warm, rolle ach testes between thumb and finger checking for hard lumps.
