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What type of Testicular problem feels like a bag of worms?
Variocele
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Define Hernia:
Protrusion of part of the intestines through a tea or weakened area of the abdominal muscle
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Where is Hernia often located on the body?
Inguinal or femoral area
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What are the risk factors for Hernia?
Obesity, Heavy lifting, chronic constipation, Ascites, Chronic coughing or sneezing (causing abdominal muscle to tear), family or previous history
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What is a common cause of Hernia?
Constipation, straining while trying to use the bathroom
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If a hernia is on the right it is called what?
Inguinal
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If a hernia is on the left, what is it called?
Umbilical hernia
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What are the symptoms of Hernia?
Bulge in the groin, pain when bending over coughing or lifting, heavy dragging sensation in the groin, obstruction of the intestines
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Do all hernias require medical treatment?
No, small non-bothersome can simply be monitored
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Most inguinal hernias __________ over time if they are not repaired surgically.
Enlarge
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Where can Tinea Cruris occur?
Groin, Inner thigh, Pubic, perianal areas
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What other location can Tinea Cruris be transmitted from?
Foot
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What are the risk factors for Tinea cruris?
Warm/damp environment, alkaline environment, obesity, excessive sweating
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What inanimate contact can increase chances of Tinea Cruris?
Infected towels, hot tubs, swimming pools and common showers
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How is Tinea Cruris treated?
Topical antifungals applied twice daily, keep area clean and dry
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How long does Tinea Cruris take to resolve with treatment?
Usually several weeks
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What questions can you ask to distinguish tinea cruris from herpes, syphilis, or cancroid?
Do you have any open sores in you genital area
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Define Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia:
enlargement of the prostate gland
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What group does BPH occur in?
almost all aging men
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What issue does BPH usually lead to?
Obstruction to urination
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Does BPH lead to prostate cancer?
Unclear
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What is the etiology of BPH?
Cause not fully understood, maybe due to increased estrogen levels in aging men leading to proliferation of prostate tissue
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What race is BPH most common in?
African Americans
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What medications can cause BPH?
Typical antipsychotic agents, CCBs, TCAs, BBs, Sympathomimetic agents, Antiparkinson drugs and Estrogens
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How is BPH treated?
Discontinue causative agent, pharmacotherapy, sugery
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Is surgical treatment common with BPH?
Yes
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What general types of drugs are used to treat BPH?
Alpha-adrenergic antagonists, 5 alpha-reductase inhibitors
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What are the preferred drugs used to treat BPH, due to lower incidence of orthostatic hypotension than other agents?
Alfuzolin, Tamsulosin, Silodosin
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What kinds of questions could you ask to distinguish BPH from a urinary tract infection?
Fever, burning while urinating and lower back pain are common with UTIs
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Define what deficiencies are encompassed by erectile dysfunction:
Inability to initiate and maintain erection, failure to ejaculate, premature ejaculation, inability to achieve orgasm, loss of libido
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What percent of American men experience erectile dysfunction?
10.4% (20-30 million)
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(True/False) Erection requires a precise sequence of events.
True
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What drug types can cause ED?
Antiandrogens, Antihypertensive, Antidepressants, antipsychotics CNS depressants, some Social Drugs
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What types of drugs can be used to treat ED?
PDE-5 inhibitors, Testosterone, Urethral Alprostadil suppositories, self- injection of alprostadil or vacuum devices
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Does a vacuum device for ED have fast onset?
No, usually about 30 minutes
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What groups find PDE5-inhibitors less helpful for ED?
Diabetics and prostate cancer survivors
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What percent of males (non-diabetic, non-prostate cancer survivors) do PDE5 inhibitor help their ED?
70%
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What administration routes are available for ED treatment?
PO, IM and topical
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Which ED treatment is a prostaglandin that is injected into the penis?
Aloprostadil
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What is intracavernosal?
Injection into the base of the penis
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What is the onset of action for MUSE (urethral suppository system) for treatment of ED?
7 minutes
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Define Priapism:
Involuntary, painful erection lasting more than 4 hours
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Is Priapism related to sexual stimulation?
No
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What are the causes of Priapism?
Spinal cord trauma, hematologic disorders, medications
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What are the treatments for Priapism?
Ice packs, hydration, phenylephrine injections and sugery
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Is Priapism is not treated, what can it lead to?
Permanent ED
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What drugs may cause Priapism?
Aloprostanil, trazadone, chlorpromazine and PDE5-inhibtors
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