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Describe Fibrocystic Breast changes:
Glands, fat and fibrous tissue of the breast respond to hormonal changes
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Biopsies of about ¼ of fibrocystic breast change patients show what alteration to the tissue?
Normal epithelial hyperplasia
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A biopsies showing ___________ and ____________ in fibrocystic breast changes implies a higher risk of breast cancer.
Hyperplasia and atypia
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Do fibrocystic breast changes increase cancer risk?
No
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Are fibrocystic breast changes a disease?
No
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Describe the signs of fibrocystic breast changes:
Bilateral, easily movable, poorly defined tender mass
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Describe the symptoms of fibrocystic breast changes:
Lumpy tender (dull aching) changes in breast
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When do fibrocystic breast changes usually occur?
Near the time of menstruation
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What is the number 1 form of cancer in women?
Breast Cancer
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What is the second leading cause of cancer related death among women?
Breast cancer
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What is the leading cause of cancer related death in women?
Lung Cancer
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What type of breast cancer occurs in most cases?
Adenocarcinoma
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What is adenocarcinoma?
Glandular tissue (ductal or lobular)
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What are the risk factors for breast cancer in women?
Older age, BRCA1/BRCA2, FH, Caucasian, previous radiation, Menstruation <12 yrs, Menopause >50 yrs, no child, 1st child after 30, alcohol, obesity
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(True/False) Alcohol consumption increases across the board despite the amount.
False, increases with the amount
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At what rate should a clinical breast exam be performed in women according to the American cancer society?
20-30 q3years, >40 q1year
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When should mammograms begin to be used and how often should they be performed?
Yearly starting at 40 (increase with certain breast changes or FH)
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Are there risks to Self-Breast Exam?
Yes
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Should everyone perform a breast self-breast exam starting in their 20’s?
No, optional, risks associated
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(True/False) The United States Preventative Service Task Force recommends mammograms in women 40-49 years.
Not unless you are at high risk
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(True/False) The United States Preventative Service Task Force recommends mammograms in women 50-74 years every 2 years.
True
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(True/False) The United States Preventative Service Task Force recommends women use Breast Self-Exams.
False
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(True/False) Breast self-Exams have been shown to decrease Brest cancer mortality.
False
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Why are breast self-exams no longer recommended?
To reduce harm from anxiety and overtreatment
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Mammograms can miss up to what percent of breast cancers at the time of screening?
20%
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What percent of false positives are found during mammogram screening?
>50%
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What issues lead to inaccuracy of Mammograms?
Sensitivity, Specificity, Prediction (can’t tell which progress)
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(True/False) Ductal Carcinoma in Situ is an invasive and dangerous form of cancer.
False, it is a non-invasive cancer in the milk ducts that can develop into an invasive form
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What positions are required for Monthly Breast Self-Exam?
Lying and Standing
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What part of the hand should be used to perform a monthly Beast Self-Exam?
Middle three fingers of the opposite hand
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What lumps found during a breast self-exam should be referred to a physician?
Hard or persistant
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How should the hand be moved during a breast self-exam?
Circular motion around nipple, Up and down the breast and from the outer rim to the nipple
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What are the signs and symptoms of breast cancer?
New, hard painless lump with irregular edges, swelling of part of the breast, skin irritation or dimpling, redness of scaling of breast skin, nipple pain or retraction, nipple discharge, enlarged auxiliary lymph nodes
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Treatments for breast cancer are based on what?
Stage at diagnosis
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What are the treatment options for breast cancer?
Radiation, Chemotherapy, Surgery and Hormonal or Immuno therapy
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Is breast cancer very treatable?
Yes, if caught early
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What is Mastitis?
Breast infection usually caused by Staph Aureus
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