-
Ligament connect what ?
Bone to bone
-
Tendons connect what?
Muscle to bone
-
Where is red bone marrow found?
hematopoeitic tissue is found in flat and irregular bones = adults
Ends of the long bones == in children
-
What mineral is needed for blood clotting, and proper functioning of the nerves and muscles
Calcium
-
Heat?
an end product of cellular respiration
-
Muscular system contributes to what?
heat production
-
ATP?
produced by cellular respiration == the direct energy source for muscle contraction
-
What vitamin is essential for the absorption of calcium and phosphorus?
Vitamin D
-
Which vitamins are needed for the production of bone matrix?
Vitamin A & C
-
Hormones needed for growth:
- Growth Hormone
- Thyroxine
- Insulin
-
Growth hormone
increase mitosis and protein synthesis in growing bones
-
Thyroxine
stimulates osteoblasts and also increases energy production from food
-
Insulin?
essential for the efficient use of glucose to provide evergy
-
Parathyroid Hormone
- secreted by the parathyroid gland
- increases the removal of calcium and phosphate from bones
-
the hormone that promotes retention of calcium in bones
calcitonin
-
Movement of all planes?
Ball and socket joint (scapula and humerus) & (pelvic bone and femur)
-
What is on the joint surface of each bone?
Articular cartilage
-
What does articular cartilage do?
provides a smooth surface
-
Synovial membrane secretes what? what is the function?
- synovial fluid
- fxn== provides a slippery surface to prevent friction as bones move
-
What happens when a muscle contracts?
muscle shortens and pulls on bone
-
Have opposite functions
Antagonist muscles
-
Can muscles push?
no they can only pull
-
Muscles that work together or have similar functions
synergistic muscles
-
Voluntary muscles
Skeletal muscles
-
Where do nerve impulses originate?
The motor areas of the frontal lobe
-
Coordination of the voluntary muscles is the function of what part of the brain>
Cerebellum
-
Neurons in the CNS regulate what?
muscle tone == the state of slight contraction
-
True/False: the body is always in a state of slight contraction ?
True
-
Muscle tone is important for what?
posture and coordination
-
What is the neuromuscular junction?
the termination of the motor neuron at the muscle fiber
-
Most common neurotransmitter at the neuromuscular junction
Acetylcholine
-
What are some data that should be collected during a neurovascular check?
- Movement
- Sensation
- Pulses
- Cap refill
-
Health history of patient should include what>
- -injury?
- -occupation and activities?
- - risk factors ( family hx)
- - health status
- - diet ( calcium and vit D ?)
-
Physical Exam: 3 areas of musculoskeletal data collection?
- inspection
- Palpation
- Range of Motion
-
Grating sound as joint or bone moves?
crepitation
-
What should you palpate for?
warmth, tenderness in areas of swelling, and areas where patient reports pain
-
When assessing for joint mobility, what are you observing?
ROM, how patient performs ADLs
-
Normal calcium levels?
8.5 - 10.5 mg/dL
-
Hypercalcemia is related to?
bone disease
-
hypocalcemia is related to ?
poor dietary intake
-
Alkaline Phosphatase increases indicate what?
a bone abnormality ( metastatic bone cancer)
-
What can cause an increase in CK levels?
IM injections
-
3D visualization of the area, produces the best image?
MRI
-
What should the nurse inform the patient when they are having a X-ray done?
- that they should lie still during the exam
- the table will be cold and hard
-
What does a bone density scan measure?
Bone strength and weight bearing abilities
-
Osteoporosis is usually diagnosed by what?
DEXA - bone scan
-
Rhabdomyolysis is associated with what, and can cause what?
- associated with muscle destruction
- and can cause renal disease
-
An invasive procedure, that allows visualization of joint?
arthroscopy
-
What is something the nurse would have to get from a patient before arthroscopy can be done?
a signed consent
-
Used to confirm cancer, surgical extraction of bone or muscle tissue
Biposy
-
Nursing interventions for patient after bone biopsy is done?
- inspect site for bleeding, swelling, hematoma,
- do not move area for 8-12 hours
- vitals
- neuro checks
-
Measures a muscles electrical impulses, aids in the diagnosis of muscle disease or nerve damage
electromyography
-
How many bones are in the vertebral column?
- 7 cervical
- 12 thoracic
- 5 lumbar
-
Small sacs of synovial fluid between joint and structures of friction that cross over the joint?
Bursae
-
What happens to your musculoskeletal system when you get older?
1. Bone calcium loss == fractures
2. articular cartilage wears down == joint stiffness && joint pain
3. muscle strength decreases == falls
-
What are some nurse - patient teaching for radiographic studies with contrast medium?
Teach the patient that there might be pain as the dye is injected
Ask patient of any allergies
|
|
