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Which organ forms urine? (slide 1)
Kidneys
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What is the urinary tract composed of?
- ureters transport urine to bladder
- bladder stores urine
- urethra eliminates urine
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What are the functions of the kidneys?
- excrete waste by forming urine
- regulate blood volume and blood pressure
- regulation of erythrocyte production (erythropoietin)
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Where is the kidney positioned?
- retroperitoneal
- between t12 and l3
- right kidney is 2 cm lower than left
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What do they kidney's support?
the adremal glands on the superior region
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What are the 3 layers that surround and support the kidney?
- Fibrous capsule (shape and protect)
- Perinephric fat (cushions, holds in place)
- renal fascia (anchors to wall and other structors)
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How much blood flows through both kidneys per minute?
12000ml (20-25% of cardiac output)
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What is each little division isnide the kidney called?
Nephrons
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what are the 2 types of nephrons?
- Cortical nephrons
- juxtamedullary nephrons
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What are features of cortical nephrons?
- more numerous
- periphery of cortex
- shorter nephron loops
- exchange occurs at peritubular capillaries
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what are some features of juxtamedullary nephrons
- near corticomedullary border
- long nephron loops
- vasa recta is site of exchange
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What do the nephrons consist of?
- Renal corpuscle
- renal tubule
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What is in the renal corpuscle?
- Glomerulus
- Glomerular capsule
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what is in the glomerulus?
- capillary knot
- high pressure
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What is in the glomerular capsule?
- double-walled epithelial cup
- //parietal layer-simple squamous epithelium
- //visceral layer- podocytes
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What is in the renal Tubule?
- proximal convoluted tubule (PCT)
- Nephron loop (with descending and ascending limbs)
- Distal convoluted tubule (DCT)
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What does podocytes and squamous epithelial cells of glomerulus make?
filtration membrane
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What are the 3 steps to urine formation?
- Filtration
- Reabsorption
- Secretion
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what is the renal plexus?
sensory and motor neurons that enters the kidneys through the hilum
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what are the layers in the urinary tract and the bladder
- muscosa
- muscularis - longitudinal and circular layers
- adventitia
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What is attatches the urinary bladder to the abdominal wall at the umbilicus?
median umbilical ligament
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What is a trigone?
a triangular area formed by the urethral and uretic orifices.
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what are the 2 sphincters that regulate flow in the urethra?
- Internal urethral sphincter (involuntary)
- external urethral sphincter (voluntary)
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where are the sensory neurons relating with micturition?
sacral region, spinal chord
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Where are the ascending tracs related to the micturition process?
pons
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how long are female urethras?
4 cm
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how long are male urethras?
18 cm
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what are the 3 subdivisions of the male urethra?
- prostatic
- membranous
- penile or spongy urethra
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