Mental Health Quiz 4

• Affect between 5-10% of population
• 1/2 of those who seek counseling are diagnosed with a PD
• Up to 30% of those who seek mental health services have at least 1 PD

• Eating Disorders
• Impaired social and occupational functioning
• Substance abuse
• Legal issues

• Inflexible, maladaptive patterns of behavior that cause distress to the individual or impairment in functioning
• Culturally defined

• Responds poorly to change
• Has trouble forming/ maintaining relationships
• Has interpersonal problems in a variety of areas (work, school, home, legal system, etc)

• Individuals seen as odd and eccentric
• Encompasses paranoid, schoizotypal, and schizoid personality disorders

• Individuals appear highly emotional, erratic, or dramatic.
• Anti-social, borderline, histrionic and narcissistic PD

• Anxious and fearful
• Avoidant, obsessive compulsive, and dependent personality disorders

• Personality traits which deviate from one's general cultural expectations
• Pervasive and inflexible
• On set is in adolescence or young adulthood
• Stable over time, leading to distress and impairment

• Cognition/perceptions impaired
• Emotional abnormality/ range
• Interpersonal functioning impaired
• Poor impulse control
• Not accounted for by another disorder
• Not due to substance use or another medical condition

• Traits
• Dimensions
• Domains
• States
• Types

Long standing characteristics that endure over time a cicrumstance

Time limited conditions that can be associated with with a specific personality type (like anxiety and depression)

Clusters of traits

Clusters of dimensions such as being agreeable, good nurtured, etc.

• Pervasive distrust and suspicion.
• Usually referred for treatment by others
• Hostile, irritable, angry, refuse to take responsibility for actions/feelings

• Feels exploited, harmed, deceived by others without justification
• Unjustified doubts about others loyalty
• Reluctant to confide in others due to distrust
• Reads into harmless comments
• Bears grudges
• Perceived attacks on character (unjust)
• Recurring doubts about others fidelity

• Cognition- Distorted ways of thinking and perceiving
• Affect- dysfunctional or abnormal in range
• Interpersonal functioning
• Impulse- control poor.

• Does not desire or enjoy close relationships with others; including family members.
• Almost always chooses solitary activities
• Has little (or no) sexual interests or experiences with others. 
• Takes little pleasure from activities
• Lacks close friends, except close relatives
• Indifferent to the praise or criticism of others
• Emotional coldness, detachment, and flat affect

• May have a strong genetic component (linked with schizophrenia)
• Ideas of reference
• Odd beliefs or magical thinking which influences behavior (not subculture norms)
• Odd thinking and speech
• unusual experiences
• Inappropriate or constricted affect
• Peculiar appearance or behavior
• No close friends (other than relatives)
• Excessive social anxiety which is related to paranoia and does not diminish with familiarity

• Failure to conform to laws and norms (repeated arrests)
• Deceitfulness
• Impassivity/ failure to plan ahead.
• Irritability and aggressiveness (repeated fights or assaults)
• Reckless disregard for the safety of others
• Consistent irresponsibility
• Lack of remorse.

• Frantic efforts to avoid real or imagined abandonment
• Unstable or intense relationships involving idealization and devaluation
• Identity disturbance- unstable self-image or sense of self
• Impassivity in areas which can cause damage
• Recurrent suicidal suicidal behavior/threats or self mutilation.
• Unstable affect due to reactivity of mood
• Chronic feelings of emptiness
• Inappropriate intense or issues controlling anger
• Stress related paranoid ideation or dissociation symptoms.

• Discomfort when he or she is not the center of attention
• Sexually seductive or provocative behavior
• Rapidly shifting and shallow emotions
• Uses physical appearance to draw attention to ones self.
• Impressionistic style of talking which lacks detail
• Prone to self-dramatization and theatrical expression of emotion
• Suggestible and easily influenced by outside circumstances and others
• Sees relationships to be more intimate than they actually are

• Grandiose sense of self-importance, exaggerates achievements and talents, expects to be recognized as superior.
• Preocupied with fantasies of unlimited success, love, power, brilliance, and beauty
• Believes they are special and unique and should only associate with high status people/places
• Requires excessive admiration
• Sense of entitlement
• Takes advantage of others to meet their needs
• Lacks empathy
• Envious of others and believes others are envious of them
• Shows arrogant or haughty behaviors or attitudes

• Avoids occupational activities which involve interpersonal fears of criticism, rejection, etc
• Unwilling to be involved with others unless it is certain they are liked.
• Shows restraint in intimate relationships for fear of being shamed
• Preoccupied with being criticized or rejected in social situations
• Inhibited in new social situations for fear of inadequacy 
• Views self  as socially inept, unappealing, or inferior
• Unusually reluctant to take personal risks or engage in new activities for fear of embarrassment

• Has difficulty making common everyday decisions without reassurance from others.
• Needs others to assume responsibility for most major areas of their life.
• Difficulty expressing disagreement with others due to fear of loss of approval/support
• Difficulty imitating due to lack of self-confidence in judgment or abilities
• Excessive efforts to gain support and nuturance from others to the point of volunteering to do unpleasant things
• Feels uncomfortable and/or helpless when alone
• Has unrealistic fears and preoccupation with being left alone (To care for themselves)

• Preoccupied with details, rules, lists, organization or schedules to the point that activity is lost
• Perfectionism which interferes with task completion.
• Excessively devoted to work and excludes leisure time relationships.
• Is overly conscientious and inflexible about rules, morals, values, etc.
• Unable to discard old, worthless objects, even when they have no sentimental value.
• Reluctant to delegate tasks to others unless they do it exactly the same.
• Adopts a miserly spending style
• Rigidity and stubbornness.

• 1) Symptoms
• 2) Modifying personality features related to the environment
• 3) Personality features related to character
• 4) Personality features related to temperment

• Individual, family, group, and medication (can all be combined)
• Dialectical Behavioral Therapy (DBT)
• Residential Treatment
• Biological Therapy

• Interapersonal risks (pg 307)
• Interpersonal Risks (pg 308)
• Community and environmental risks (308)