303_Ch12

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  1. how has the prevalence of cardiovascular disease changed:

    list the 4 factors related to the change in prevalence:
    deaths from cardiovascular disease declined from 50% in 1970s to 36.3% in 2004

    • factors related to decline
    • lifestyle changes: nutrition, stopping smoking, exercise
    • improved medical techniques & diagnosis
    • improved emergency care & treatment
    • improved drugs
  2. the blockage of arteries supplying cardiac tissue is called:
    coronary artery disease
  3. insufficent blood to tissue due to partial blockage of an artery is called:

    what is the result of this condition:
    • ischema
    • most common during physical activity or times of stress
    • results in angina pectoris: severe chest pain
  4. severe of complete blockage, leading to cell death in the heart is called:
    myocardial infarction (heart attack)
  5. progressive narrowing of artery due to plaque is called:
    atherosclerosis
  6. thickening & loss of elasticity of arterial walls is called:
    arteriosclerosis
  7. lack of blood supply to part of the brain, causing brain tissue death is called:

    list 2 predisposing factors:
    stroke

    • predisposing factors
    • hypertension
    • atherosclerotic damage, leading to a weak spot
  8. list and describe the 2 types of strokes:
    • ischemic
    • blockage of vessel

    • hemorrhagic
    • rupture of a vessel
    • cerebral hemorrhage: cerebral artery
    • subarachnoid hemorrhage: on the surface of the brain
  9. an impairment in the ability of the ventricles to contract to the point that cardiac output is insufficient to meet the body's oxygen needs is called:
    heart failure
  10. acute heart failure is caused by a heart attack resulting from....

    list 2 results:
    • toxic substance or drugs: often happens w/ mixing drugs; alochol + herion (a suppresion effect + an excitable effect)
    • coronary artery blockage 
  11. list 3 things that chronic heart failure is caused by:
    • hypertension
    • multiple minor heart attacks
    • viral infection
  12. a chronic high blood pressure at rest, equal to or greater than 140 and 90 mmHg for systolic and diastolic blood pressures is called:

    list the 3 increased demands as a result of this:
    hypertension

    • increased demands
    • heart must work harder to pump blood through the boody
    • increased oxygen demands of cardiac tissue
    • increased strain on arteries & arterioles


    • increases risk of heart failure, atherosclerosis, peripheral vascular disease, kidney failure
    • more common in the overweight & obese
    • one in three adults american is hypertensive
  13. list the BP of the following classifications of hypertension:

    normal:
    prehypertension:
    stage 1 hypertension:
    stage 2 hypertension:
    • normal: <120/<80
    • prehypertension: 120-139/80-89
    • stage 1: 140-159/90-99
    • stage 2: >160/>100
  14. list 12 risk factors for hypertension:
    • phyiscal inactivity
    • overweight & obesity
    • heredity, including racial ancestry
    • being of male sex
    • increaseing age
    • sodium sensitivity
    • use of tobacco products
    • excessive alcohol consumption
    • pyschological stress
    • diabetes
    • use of oral contraceptives
    • pregnancy
  15. list 3 uncontrollable factors of CAD:

    list 9 controllable factors of CAD:
    • uncontrollable factors
    • age
    • being of male sex
    • heredity

    • controllable factors
    • smoking tobacco
    • blood lipid profile
    • hypertension
    • obesity & overweight
    • diabetes mellitus
    • physical inactivity
    • psychological stress
    • alcohol consumption
    • diet & nutrition
  16. list the risk factors CAD due to blood lipid profile:

    total cholesterol:
    LDL
    HDL:
    triglycerides:
    • total cholesterol
    • little risk: <200
    • serious risk: >240

    • LDL
    • little risk: <130
    • serious risk: >160
    • if  LDL is too high.. to decrease is to diet
    • more fat concentration than protein

    • HDL
    • little risk: >60
    • serious risk: <40
    • "good HDL"
    • High dentisty, more protein than fat

    • triglycerides
    • little risk: <150
    • serious risk: >200
  17. medical clearance is required for clients with the following conditions:
    • severe medical contraindications
    • increased risk for cardiovasuclar disease (age, symptoms)
    • diagnosis of certain diseases
  18. medial clearance is useful for:
    • obaining information to prescribe appropriate types of exercise
    • determining initial health status & progress
    • motivating athlete & increasing adherence to exercise program
    • early diagnosis of diseases
  19. a measure of cardiac electrical conductivity, used to determine cardiac rhythm or contraction and relaxation is called:
    electrocardiogram (ECG)
  20. the movement of ions during contraction & relaxation of cardiac tissue is called:
    electrical conductivity
  21. list  2 abnormalities that can be found on an ECG:
    • cardiac arrhythmias
    • ST segemtn depression: myocardial ischemia (some blockage of blood to the cardiac tissue)
    • can indicate CAD

Card Set Information

Author:
 itzlinds
ID:
 250019
Filename:
 303_Ch12
Updated:
2013-12-01 22:59:06
Tags:
aerobic strength training perscription health performance
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Description:
aerobic and strength training perscription for health and performance
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