The flashcards below were created by user
Gueza
on FreezingBlue Flashcards.
-
What is cleavage?
A succession of mitotic cell divisions without cell growth between divisions
-
Cleavage leads to the formation of a multicellular stage called a:
Blastula
-
Following the blastula stage is the process of:
Gastrulation
-
What happens during gastrulation?
The layers of embryonic tissue that will develop into adult body parts are produced
-
What stage is after gastrulation?
gastrula
-
What is a larva?
A sexually immature form of an animal that is morphologically distinct from the adult, usually eats different food, and may even have a different habitat than the adult
-
Animal larvae eventually undergo metamorphosis, which is what?
A developmental transformation that turns the animal into a juvenile that resembles the adult but is not yet sexually mature
-
The first generally accepted macroscopic fossils of animals date back to when?
565 to 550 million years ago
-
The earliest animal fossils are members of soft bodied multicellular eukaryotes known collectively as:
Ediacaran biota
-
When was the Neoproterozoic Era?
1 Billion-542 Million Years ago
-
When was the Paleozoic Era?
542-251 Million Years Ago
-
A wave of animal diversification that occurred 535-525 Million years ago is known as:
The Cambrian Explosion
-
Vertebrates made the transition to land around how many years ago?
365 Million Years ago
-
When was the Mesozoic Era?
251-65.5 Million Years Ago
-
List the order of the Eras:
- Neoproterozoic Era
- Paleozoic Era
- Mesozoic Era
- Cenozoic Era
- (NPMC)
-
In what era did the dinosaurs and some birds emerge from?
Mesozoic Era
-
What is a body plan?
A particular set of morphological and developmental traits integrated into a functional whole-the living animal
-
What side is the dorsal side?
The top side
-
What side is the ventral side?
The Bottom Side
-
-
-
Define Cephalization:
An evolutionary trend towards the concentration of sensory equipment at the anterior end of the body
-
What is the germ layer that gives rise to the outer covering of the animal and in some phyla, the CNS?
Ectoderm
-
What germ layer lines the pouch that forms during gastrulation?
Endoderm
-
Animals that only have Endoderm and Ectoderm germ layers are said to be:
Diploblastic
-
What are some examples of Diploblasts?
- Cnidarians (Jellies and Corals)
- Comb Jellies
-
All bilaterally symmetrical animals have a third germ layer called:
Mesoderm
-
The mesoderm fills much of the space between what germ layers?
Ectoderm and Endoderm
-
Animals with bilateral symmetry are said to be:
Triploblastic
-
Triploblastic means:
Having 3 Germ layers
-
Which germ layer forms muscles in triploblasts?
Mesoderm
-
A fluid or air filled space located between the digestive tract and the outer body wall is known as what?
Coelom
-
Animals with true coelom are known as:
Coelomates
-
Some triploblastic animals have a body cavity that is formed from the mesoderm and endoderm. Such a cavity is known as:
A pseudocoelom
-
Triploblastic animals that lack body cavities are known as:
acoelomates
-
Define spiral cleavage:
The planes of cell division are diagonal to the vertical axis
-
Define determinate cleavage:
A type of embryonic development in protostomes that rigidly casts the development fate of each embryonic cell very early
-
What are the two kinds of development?
- Protostome Development
- Deuterostome Development
-
Deuterostome Development is predominantly characterized by what?
Radial Cleavage
-
Define interdeterminate cleavage:
Each cell produced by early cleavage divisions retains the capacity to develop into a complete embryo. A characteristic of most animals with Deuterostome Development
-
What type of cleavage makes identical twins in humans possible?
Interdeterminate cleavage
-
What is an archenteron?
The endoderm lined cavity formed during gastrulation that develops into the digestive tract of an animal
-
An archenteron forms during which kind of development?
Protostome Development
-
What is a blastopore?
The opening of the archenteron that typically develops into the anus in Deutorostomes and the Mouth in Protostomes
-
What are the 5 significant aspects of animal phylogeny?
- 1. All animals share a common ancestor
- 2. Sponges are basal animals
- 3. Eumetazoa is a clade of animals with true tissues
- 4. Most animal phyla belong to the clade Bilateria
- 5. Chordates and some other phyla belong to the clade Deuterostomia
-
All animals except for sponges and a few others belong to a clade of:
Eumetazoans
-
What are the characteristics of bilaterians?
- Bilateral Symmetry
- The Presence of 3 Germ Layers
-
The cambrian explosion was primarily a rapid diversification of:
Bilaterians
-
What is the defining feature of Ecdysozoans?
That the animals secrete external skeletons
-
What is the process of shedding an external skeleton called?
Ecdysis
-
What is the defining feature of Lophophores?
The presence of a crown ciliated structure called a lophophore that functions in feeding
-
Individuals in other phyla of the clade lophotrochozoan, including molluscs and annelids, go through a distinctive developmental stage called:
Trochophore Larvae
|
|