Motivation: Part 5

a state of high physiological arousal in reaction to a real or perceived threat

• a threat, event, or change that causes stress
• usually external, but can include internal cognitions

• optimal level of arousal (good stress)
• stressors are motivators
• individual differences

• level of arousal is too high or low
• negative reactions to stressors
• individual differences

• managing the discrepancy between situational demands and available resources
• ongoing process of appraisal and reappraisal

• attempt to control your emotional response to a stressor
• this type of coping happens when we feel like we do not have control over the situation or that we lack the resources to handle the stressor

• focus on behavioural response
• often attempt to distract self (eg. tv)
• goal is to eliminate or replace negative emotion

• reappraisal of situation so that it is less stressful
• more likely to reappraise in low intensity situations

selecting and modifying antecedents to lead towards a specific affective outcome

• attempt to reuse demands or expand resources to deal with the stressor
• occurs when individual believes they are capable of changing the situation

direct action to correct problem

• assertive action, spontaneous with no analysis or forethought
• involves anger or risk taking

• positive emotions have the capacity to lead us into upward spiral of well-being
• thought-action repertoires, fuels resiliency, upward spiral

• thinking is creative, flexible, and capable of seeing the big picture
• can see different possibilities

• builds personal resources for confronting problems
• related to thought-action repertoire

• experiencing positive emotions leads to experiencing more positive emotions, etc.
• broader thinking, problem solving, resiliency, gain social support

• sharing with others
• memory building
• self-congratuatlion
• comparing
• sensory-perceptual sharpening
• absorption
• behavioural expression
• temporal awareness
• counting blessings
• avoid kill-joy thinking

• talking to others about how much you are enjoying the moment
• makes you more aware of present and increases salience
• best way to experience PE

taking mental pictures of positive experiences to help with reminiscence later

• "I am proud of me, my effort, and what I did"
• connected to IM

contrasting what you feel with others, present moment to similar times or past expectations

• focus on stimuli leading to PE and block out stimuli leading to NE
• ie. reappraisal

• savour the moment by being completely where you are
• ie. flow

• showing that you are happy - laughing and jumping
• focus on the experience of enjoyment without worrying what others thing
• ie. facial feedback theory and biofeedback

• reminding yourself that the present moment will pass and that you have to enjoy it while it is here
• counter-acts tendency to wait to be happy until later

reminding yourself of how lucky you are

stop reminding yourself about other places to be, other things to do, or ruminating of past failed goals or negative experiences