Micro chapter 13

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  1. capsid
    protein coat around the nucleic acid core of a virion
  2. nucleocapsid
    capid + virion
  3. envelope
    phospholipid membrane on outside of the capsid; protects and helps gain entry into animal host cell.
  4. virus
    intracellular; consists of just the nucleic acid core.
  5. What is an extracellular virus called?
    virion
  6. How are viruses classified?
    By the type of genetic material they contain, the size and shape of the virus, and the presence or absence of an envelope.
  7. Know the different forms of nucleic acid that a virus may contain (sRNA etc.)
    dsDNA; dsRNA; ssDNA; ssRNA
  8. Be able to describe the steps in viral replication
    • 1. attachment
    • 2. entery
    • 3. synthesis. 
    • 4. assembly
    • 5. release.
  9. Compare the differences in animal virus and bacteriophage replication.
    • Animal viruses attach using glycoprotein spikes on their capsid or envelope. 
    • All animal virus capsids have to be removed if the capsid enters the host cell.
  10. Be able to describe and compare lytic cycle and lysogeny.
    • Lytic cycle- synthesis occurs right after vision enters the cell. 
    • Lysogeny- virion remains in the cell for several cellular reproductions before synthesis is started.
  11. A virus is called a ______ when its DNA becomes incorporated into an animal host’s DNA.
    provirus
  12. A virus is called  _________ when its DNA become incorporated into a bacterial host's DNA.
    prophage
  13. Induction
    the prophage genome is released from the bacteria genome. usually the same chemical or physical agents that can cause damage to DNA
  14. Understand the connection between HIV and retroviruswes
    Both viruses infect specific cells in their hosts. HIV- T lymphocytes in humans. Retroviruswes- brain cells of animals and humans.
  15. Explain how viruses can cause cancer
    Viruses may cause cancer by carrying copies of oncogenes to other cells, promoting oncogenes already present in a cell, or by interfering with genetic expression when they are acting as proviruses.
  16. neoplasia-
    uncontrolled growth from a change in a gene
  17. tumor-
    mass of neoplastic cells
  18. Be able to explain the difference between oncogenes and proto-oncogenes
    • proto-oncogenes- genes for cell division that are turned off when cell division is not needed. 
    • oncogenes- causes tumor cells
  19. Be able to explain the difference between viroids, prions and viruses.
    • Viroid- do not have a capsid; infect plants
    • Virus- infect animals, have a capsid. 
    • prions- protein, infect the brain.
  20. Know the structure of prions and viroids and what they infect.
    • Viroids- tiny, circular pieces of infectious RNA; appear linear. Infect plants.
    • Prions- protein, Beta pleated form of PrP; infect the brain.

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Author:
 servinggod247
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 251164
Filename:
 Micro chapter 13
Updated:
2013-12-06 02:48:58
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