Culture and Comm Final Chapters 9-11

• 1. similarity
• 2. proximity
• 3. reciprocity
• 4. physical attraction
• 5. evolutionary influences 
• 6. social role
• 7. average face effect

Availability, anticipation of interaction, mere exposure

people with one good characteristic (esp. physical attractiveness) are also rated positively in other dimensions

When interacting with a stranger, primary goal is to reduce uncertainty and increase predictability because uncertainty leads to anxiety.

Assertiveness: make requests, ask questions, express feelings, initial and terminate conversation

Responsiveness: sensitivity to others, providing feedback, comforting, listening

two outlined types of communication style that affect how one communicates in different situations: assertiveness & responsiveness

• Incompatible goals
• interdependence when incompatible goals
• interaction: persue interests through interactions

• Can occur in any context
• Can be positive
• Communication plays a paradoxical role (requires communication to begin/end conflict)

The attitudes, dispositions and beliefs brought into conflict.

• cognitive simplicity: stereotyping
• in-group bias: ethnocentrism
• insecurity/frustration: "they will steal jobs"
• divergent behaviors

Refers to the actual location and context of the conflict

• -segregation/contact
• -intergroup salience: physical/social differences
• -status discrepancy: differences in status on cultural lines (white bosses, black employees)

Factors that are out of the control of interactants

• -history
• -ideology: societal differences
• -minority group strength:

Explains face influences how people in different cultures manage conflict

The various ways one might deal with conflict and face

• individualistic: self-face
• collectivistic: other and mutual face

• s    dominating           integrating
• e
• l
• f                compromising

• f
• a
• c  avoiding                   obliging
• e

               other face

• Independent: dominating
• Interdependent: avoiding

INTEGRATING IS SOLUTION

Thinking style, argumentation, conflict resolution, decision-making

family corporation culture

face-to-face, personal

reason to work hard: please elders

• lifetime employment
• seniority grading
• long-term orientation (sacrifice short term loses for long term success)
• Taiso (exercise together)

• Honesty>politeness
• private and formal (no open door policy)
• High uncertainty avoidance
• compartamentalization: doing one thing and doing it right (carS)

• Group harmony: Conflict avoided/mediated
• High Power Distance
• Guanxi: dependability, trust/respect

• high power distance
• elaborate and ritualized communications: silence=something wrong, animated facial
• HIGH contact culture: arab men hold hands