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Name the seven factors of interpersonal attraction
- 1. similarity
- 2. proximity
- 3. reciprocity
- 4. physical attraction
- 5. evolutionary influences
- 6. social role
- 7. average face effect
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Why is proximity associated with attraction? Three reasons.
Availability, anticipation of interaction, mere exposure
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Halo effect
people with one good characteristic (esp. physical attractiveness) are also rated positively in other dimensions
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Uncertainty reduction theory
When interacting with a stranger, primary goal is to reduce uncertainty and increase predictability because uncertainty leads to anxiety.
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Assertiveness v. Responsiveness
Assertiveness: make requests, ask questions, express feelings, initial and terminate conversation
Responsiveness: sensitivity to others, providing feedback, comforting, listening
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Socio-communicative orientation
two outlined types of communication style that affect how one communicates in different situations: assertiveness & responsiveness
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Conflict defined:
- Incompatible goals
- interdependence when incompatible goals
- interaction: persue interests through interactions
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Principles of conflict
- Can occur in any context
- Can be positive
- Communication plays a paradoxical role (requires communication to begin/end conflict)
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Microlevel of intercultural conflict
The attitudes, dispositions and beliefs brought into conflict.
- cognitive simplicity: stereotyping
- in-group bias: ethnocentrism
- insecurity/frustration: "they will steal jobs"
- divergent behaviors
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Intermediary level of intercultural conflict
Refers to the actual location and context of the conflict
- -segregation/contact
- -intergroup salience: physical/social differences
- -status discrepancy: differences in status on cultural lines (white bosses, black employees)
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Macrolevel of intercultural conflict
Factors that are out of the control of interactants
- -history
- -ideology: societal differences
- -minority group strength:
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Face negotiation theory
Explains face influences how people in different cultures manage conflict
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Facework
The various ways one might deal with conflict and face
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Face negotiation theory applied to individualistic v. collectivistic cultures
- individualistic: self-face
- collectivistic: other and mutual face
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Conflict communication styles (chart)
- s dominating integrating
- e
- l
- f compromising
other face
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What happens when an independent self-construal and an interdependent self- construal conflict occurs?
- Independent: dominating
- Interdependent: avoiding
INTEGRATING IS SOLUTION
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Perceptual context refers to what?
Thinking style, argumentation, conflict resolution, decision-making
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Socio-relational context charactersitics
family corporation culture
face-to-face, personal
reason to work hard: please elders
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Japanese management practices charactersitics
- lifetime employment
- seniority grading
- long-term orientation (sacrifice short term loses for long term success)
- Taiso (exercise together)
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German management practices
- Honesty>politeness
- private and formal (no open door policy)
- High uncertainty avoidance
- compartamentalization: doing one thing and doing it right (carS)
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Chinese management practices
- Group harmony: Conflict avoided/mediated
- High Power Distance
- Guanxi: dependability, trust/respect
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Middle East business practices
- high power distance
- elaborate and ritualized communications: silence=something wrong, animated facial
- HIGH contact culture: arab men hold hands
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