Neuro Unit 3 Language and the brain

Language is typically divided into these 3 areas:

There are also subcortical regions for language. These are (2):

Broca's area (44&45) is primarily responsible for __ and __ speech.

Area 44 (2):

Area 45:

The motor strip is responsible for:

The arcuate fasciculus is responsible for:

Wernicke's area is responsible for (4):
Also for storage auditory and phonologic images of words and meanings

Angular gyrus is responsible for (3):

Broca's aphasia
Expressive, or ____ aphasia
Telegraphic, or ____ speech
Damage to Broca's area, underlying ___, and __ __. Also damage to ___ and part of the ___ lobe. 

Characteristics

Uses key words
No difficulty with pronouncing, but rather ___
___ repetition
Naming is ___ impaired
___ ___ because Broca's lies next to motor cortex
Comprehension ___, can understand simple __ and __ language
Difficulty understanding syntactically __ language
Problem with memory as well, because damage to ___

Wernicke's aphasia
Receptive or __ aphasia
Difficulty with ___
Speech fluent and grammatical, but ___
Have frequent paraphasias or ___
Prosody is ___
Is there awareness of empty speech?
Is reading and writing intact?

Conduction aphasia
Damage to ___ ___
Difficulty ___ words (hallmark)
Fluent, but with many ___
__ comprehension
Naming is ___, there is difficulty reading __, reading comprehension is ___. Writing is ___ and will contain ___ as seen in spoken words.

Transcortical aphasia
2 kinds: sensory and motor, both have 2 things in common
1. Ability to repeat ___ language
2. Often occur with lesions to the ___ areas
___ areas are junctions between territories that are supplied by major arteries (MCA & ACA, MCA & PCA) (left carotid, middle carotid)

Transcortical motor aphasia
Lesion disconnects ___ from ___
___ aphasia
difficulty __ and __ responses 
Comprehension, reading, writing ____

Transcortical sensory aphasia
Disconnect from __ to ___
___ aphasia
Difficulty ___, ___, & ___
Repetition ___

Anomic aphasia
___ or word-finding problems

Characteristics:
Use elaborate ___, speech sounds are bizarre, all other aspects of language (reading, writing) are ____.
Damage to ___-___ areas

Global aphasia
3rd most common; All aspects of language are severely impaired

Characteristics: Stereotypical responses that tend to be swear words

Damage to __ and ___

Subcortical aphasia
Language disturbances following lesions in the __ __ and ___

lesion of the anterior BG results in sparse language output that is ___ and has impaired ___.

Lesion of the thalamus results in symptoms similar to ___ or transcortical ___ aphasia.

Reading and writing disorders
Disorder in which the person cannot read, write, spell; Where is the damage?

Disorder in which person cannot read but can write; Where is the damage? What is cut off from the visual system? What can they do?

Right hemisphere damage
Cognitive-communication problems can include...
Difficulties with ___ components of speech (aprosodia). This affects (2):
Lesions to the anterior RH in the same location as Broca's will result in:
Lesions to the same area as Wernicke's in the RH will result in:

Understanding ___ (abstract language)
Appreciating humor and ___
Social judgment/____
Other characteristics?

Wernicke-Geshwind Model
What is it?

Speaking a heard word  process
(Cochlea to brainstem to MGN of thalamus...)

Speaking a written word process
(LGN of thalamus...)

Children with focal brain damage
May not show same relation between brain lesion and behavioral pattern seen in adults
(Children are more likely to have comprehension deficits in ___ hemisphere damage, and expressive deficits after damage to ___)

Most children with early unilateral brain injury achieve normal levels of language performance
(Suggests that there is less neuronal ___ early in life to compensate for damage)

RH can support language following LH damage in young children
(LHectomy in adults results in ___; LHectomy in child spares ___)

A distributed, parallel model of language
What does it say?

Language is processed by anatomically different areas and in parallel meaning....?

In naming the parts activated associated with each are...
Animals:
Persons: 
Tools: